A type of conic section. It is also called an ellipse. The locus of points whose sum of distances from two fixed points F and F' is constant is an ellipse, and F and F' are called its foci ( x = a cos, y = b sin An ellipse can also be said to be the locus of points whose ratio of distance from a fixed line to a fixed point is a constant value less than 1. Ellipses were academically studied as one of the conic sections by Apollonius and others more than 200 years ago. It is interesting that it was not until nearly 2,000 years later that they gained practical meaning through Kepler's law that states that "planets move in elliptical orbits with the sun at one focus." [Tachibana Shunichi] The locus of points whose sum of distances from two fixed points F and F' is a constant is an ellipse, and F and F' are called its foci . Ellipse (Figure A) The circle where x + y = a is called the auxiliary circle of the ellipse . Ellipse (Figure B) The locus of the midpoints of the parallel strings to a diameter is also a diameter. In this case, the locus of the midpoints of the parallel strings is called a diameter, and the and are called conjugate diameters . Ellipse (Figure C) The locus of points where the ratio of the distance from a fixed point to a fixed line is a constant ©Shogakukan "> Ellipse (Figure D) Ellipses and hyperbolas that share a common focus are called confocal . Ellipse (Figure E) Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
円錐曲線(えんすいきょくせん)の一つ。長円ともいう。2定点F、F′からの距離の和が一定である点の軌跡が楕円であり、F、F′をその焦点という( x=acos, y=bsin 楕円はまた、定直線と定点からの距離の比が1より小さい一定値である点の軌跡、ともいうことができる。 楕円は円錐曲線の一つとして紀元前200年以上前にアポロニウスらによって学問的に研究された。それが2000年近くもたってから「惑星は太陽を一焦点とする楕円軌道を描く」というケプラーの法則によって実用上の意味をもつことになったのは興味深い。 [立花俊一] 2定点F、F′からの距離の和が一定である点の軌跡が楕円であり、F、F′をその焦点という©Shogakukan"> 楕円〔図A〕 x+y=aなる円を楕円の補助円という©Shogakukan"> 楕円〔図B〕 一つの直径に平行な弦の中点の軌跡はまた一つの直径となる。このときに平行な弦の中点の軌跡はで、ととは互いに共役な直径といわれる©Shogakukan"> 楕円〔図C〕 定直線と定点からの距離の比が一定値である点の軌跡©Shogakukan"> 楕円〔図D〕 焦点を共有する楕円、双曲線は共焦点であるという©Shogakukan"> 楕円〔図E〕 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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