A city in the Aude department in southern France. It is a key transportation hub located at the crossroads between the Mediterranean coast of Spain and southwestern France. It has a population of 46,510 (1999). It was founded in 118 BC under the name of Narbo Martius as the first Roman colony in Gaul, and became the second largest seaport after Marseille. It later developed as the capital of the region of Gallia Narbonensis, but was occupied by the Visigoths in the 5th century and by Muslims in the 8th century. It became the capital of the Principality of Septimani in 759, and belonged to the Count of Toulouse in the Middle Ages. It became part of the French Crown in 1507. In 1320, the Aude River flooded and the seaport was filled with silt, losing its port function, but it was later connected to the new port on the coast by the Robine Canal. It is currently known as a producer of wine, brandy, and white heather honey, and there is a uranium refinery on the outskirts. The old town, with its narrow passageways, is home to many historical buildings, including the Gothic Cathedral of San Giusto, built in the 13th century, the Church of San Paul de Surg, dating from the 12th to 13th century, and the Gothic town hall. [Nobuyoshi Aoki] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
フランス南部、オード県の都市。スペインの地中海沿岸地方とフランス南西部との分岐点に位置する交通の要地。人口4万6510(1999)。紀元前118年、ナルボ・マルティウスNarbo Martiusの名でガリア最初のローマ植民都市として建設され、マルセイユに次ぐ海港となった。その後ガリア・ナルボネンシス地方の首都となって発展したが、5世紀には西ゴート人、8世紀にはイスラム教徒により占領された。759年にセブティマニ公国の首都となり、中世にはトゥールーズ伯に属した。1507年にフランス王領となった。1320年オード川の氾濫(はんらん)によって海港は土砂に埋まり、港の機能を失ったが、その後ロビーヌ運河によって海岸の新港とも結び付くようになった。現在、ぶどう酒、ブランデー、白ヒース蜜(みつ)の産地として知られ、郊外にはウラン精製工場がある。細い通路の旧市街には、13世紀創建、ゴシック様式のサン・ジュスト大聖堂、12~13世紀のサン・ポール・スルジュ教会、ゴシック様式の市庁舎など、歴史的建造物が多い。 [青木伸好] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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