Yamanashi Prefecture - Yamanashi

Japanese: 山梨[県] - やまなし

A prefecture in the eastern part of the Chubu region. The prefectural capital is Kofu City. It has an area of 4,465.27 ^km2 and a population of 863,075 (2010). [History] Formerly part of Kai Province. Throughout the Middle Ages, the Takeda clan, descendants of the Kai Genji clan, ruled the area, reaching its peak under Takeda Shingen, but was destroyed by Oda Nobunaga in 1582. During the Edo period, it became a shogunate territory, and Fuchu (Kofu) flourished as a strategic point on the Koshu road and as a merchant town. In 1870, it became Kai Prefecture, and the following year it was renamed Yamanashi Prefecture. [Nature] Located almost in the center of Honshu, this inland prefecture is surrounded by high mountains. To the north are the Kanto Mountains and the Yatsugatake (Aka-dake, 2,899m) volcano, to the west are the Akaishi Mountains, home to Japan's second highest peak, Kita-dake (3,193m), and to the east and south are Mount Fuji (3,776m) and the Misaka Mountains. In the center is the Kofu Basin, a complex alluvial fan formed by the Kamanashi and Fuefuki rivers. The eastern part is the Katsura River basin, and settlements have developed on the river terraces, known as the Gunnai region. The Fuji Five Lakes are located at the northern foot of Mount Fuji. It has an inland climate that belongs to the central highlands climate zone, with little precipitation and cold winters and hot summers. [Industry] The population composition by industry is 8.5% primary, 30.6% secondary, and 60.1% tertiary (2005). In the Kofu Basin, the only large area of flat land in the prefecture, intensive paddy field management and sericulture were the main industries until the Taisho period. However, taking advantage of the climate, soil, and proximity to the metropolitan market, fruit cultivation such as grapes, peaches, and persimmons was introduced in the early Showa period, and it developed rapidly after World War II. In particular, grape and peach harvests accounted for about 30% of the national total (2003), ranking first in the country. Dairy cow breeding and highland vegetable cultivation are popular in the foothills of the Yatsugatake Mountains, and sericulture is practiced in the county, but it is declining due to urbanization. Lumber and pulp materials are cut in the foothills of the Yatsugatake Mountains, the Noro River basin, and the foothills of Mt. Fuji. Mining is sluggish. Industry was centered on silk textiles, known as Kai silk, and food, but in recent years textiles have been sluggish, while electrical and general machinery and equipment industries have grown and account for 55% of the prefecture's manufactured goods shipment value (2003). Factories using cutting-edge technology, such as those manufacturing industrial robots, have also set up shop in the area. Wine production is the most prosperous food industry. Other examples include seals in Ichikawamisato-cho (formerly Rokugo-cho), washi paper (formerly Ichikawa Daimon-cho), and glass polishing in Kofu, which converted from crystal crafts. The northern mountain range is part of Chichibu-Tama-Kai National Park, the western mountain range is part of the Southern Alps, the southern foothills of Mt. Fuji are Fuji-Hakone-Izu National Parks, and the Yatsugatake foothills are part of the Yatsugatake-Chushin-Kogen Quasi-National Park. There are many scenic spots and ancient temples such as Minobu-san Kuon-ji Temple and Erin-ji Temple. [Transportation] The Chuo Main Line, Chuo Expressway, and National Route 20, which connect the cities of Otsuki, Kofu, and Nirasaki, are the most important arteries. The Minobu Line and National Route 52 run from Kofu along the Fuji River valley to Shizuoka Prefecture, and the Fujikyuko Railway and Chuo Expressway connect Otsuki to Fujiyoshida and Kawaguchiko. The Koumi Line runs from Kobuchizawa in the northwestern part of the prefecture to the foot of the Yatsugatake Mountains. Bus transportation is also well developed, mainly in the Kofu Basin.
→ Related topics Chubu region | Houtou

Source : Heibonsha Encyclopedia About MyPedia Information

Japanese:

中部地方東部の県。県庁所在地は甲府市。4465.27km²。86万3075人（2010）。〔沿革〕　かつての甲斐国にあたる。中世を通じて甲斐源氏から出た武田氏が支配，武田信玄のとき最も隆盛したが，1582年織田信長に滅ぼされた。江戸時代には天領となり，府中（甲府）は甲州道中の要衝，商人町として栄えた。1870年甲斐県となり，翌年山梨県と改称。〔自然〕　本州のほぼ中央に位置し，高山に囲まれた内陸県で，北は関東山地と八ヶ岳（赤岳，2899m）火山，西は日本第２の高峰北岳（3193m）のある赤石山脈，東と南は富士山（3776m）と御坂(みさか)山地で，中央に釜無川と笛吹川がつくる複合扇状地の甲府盆地がある。東部は桂川の流域で，河岸段丘上に集落が発達，郡内地方と呼ばれる。富士山北麓に富士五湖がある。中央高地型気候区に属する内陸式気候で，降水量が少なく冬は寒冷，夏は高温となる。〔産業〕　産業別人口構成は第１次8.5％，第２次30.6％，第３次60.1％（2005）。県内唯一のまとまった平地である甲府盆地では大正期までは集約的な水田経営と養蚕を主としていたが，気候と土壌，首都圏市場に近接することを利用して，昭和初期からブドウ・モモ・カキなどの果樹栽培が導入され，第２次世界大戦後急速に発展した。特にブドウ，モモの収穫量は全国の約３割（2003）を占め第１位である。八ヶ岳山麓では乳牛飼育，高冷地野菜栽培が盛んで，郡内では養蚕が行われるが，都市化の影響をうけ減少している，八ヶ岳山麓，野呂川流域，富士山麓などでは製材・パルプ用材を切り出す。鉱業は不振。工業は甲斐絹(かいき)の名で知られた絹織物と食品が中心であったが，近年は繊維が不振で，電気，一般機械器具工業が伸び県の製造品出荷額の55％（2003）を占めている。産業用ロボット製造など，先端技術を駆使した工場も進出している。食品ではブドウ酒生産が最も盛ん。他に市川三郷町の印章（旧・六郷町），和紙（旧・市川大門町），水晶細工から転換した甲府のガラス研磨工業がみられる。北部の山地は秩父多摩甲斐国立公園，西部の山地は南アルプス，南部の富士山麓は富士箱根伊豆の各国立公園，八ヶ岳山麓は八ヶ岳中信高原国定公園に属する。景勝地が多く身延山久遠寺，恵林寺などの古寺もある。〔交通〕　大月，甲府，韮崎(にらさき)の各市を結ぶ中央本線，中央自動車道，国道20号線が最重要幹線で，甲府から富士川の河谷沿いに身延線，国道52号線が静岡県へ通じ，大月から富士吉田，河口湖へ富士急行，中央自動車道が通じる。また県北西端小淵沢から八ヶ岳の裾野を，小海線が通じる。甲府盆地を中心にバス交通も発達している。
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