Terramare

…the culture of the Middle and Late Bronze Age that spread to the Po River basin in northern Italy, especially in the Emilia region. It is named after the layer that contains the fertile black soil (terramare or terra maruna) that covers the low-lying marshes of the region, and is also called the Terra Marico culture. The settlements of the first half of the Middle Bronze Age were not surrounded by earthworks or moats, but from the second half they had defensive structures and many pile dwellings were seen.

*Some of the terminology explanations that mention "terramare" are listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

…イタリア北部ポー川流域，とくにエミリア地方に広まった青銅器時代中期，後期の文化。この地方の低湿地帯を覆う〈肥沃な黒色土〉(テラマーレterramareまたはテラマルナ)を包含層とするためこの名称があり，テラマリコラ文化ともいう。中期前半の集落は土塁や濠（ほり）をめぐらせていないが，後半から防衛施設を有し，杭上住居も多く見られる。…

※「terramare」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典｜株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第２版について | 情報