NATO - Nato

Japanese: NATO - ナトー
NATO - Nato
The abbreviation for the North Atlantic Treaty Organization. It is the largest international military organization in the free world, established in 1949 under the North Atlantic Treaty, which was signed at the height of the Cold War. It stipulates that an armed attack on one member state is considered an attack on all member states, and that the right of collective self-defense is exercised. Its scope of application is the territories of member states in Europe, North America, and the North Atlantic, and the military forces of member states stationed in Europe. The highest body is the Council, which is composed of ministerial-level representatives from each country, and under it are the Defense Planning Committee (represented by defense ministers) and the Military Committee (represented by chiefs of staff), which is responsible for military policy guidance. The Supreme Headquarters of the Allied Powers Europe is located in Casteau, Belgium, and commands the Northwestern, Central, and Southern European headquarters. The Supreme Headquarters of Naval Forces Atlantic is located in Norfolk, USA, and commands the Western Atlantic and Eastern Atlantic headquarters. The treaty's member states were the United States, the United Kingdom, France, Canada, Italy, the Netherlands, Belgium, Luxembourg, Denmark, Iceland, Norway, and Portugal, which were the first 12 countries to join, and later Greece, Turkey, West Germany (now Germany), and Spain joined, bringing the total to 16. The secretariat of the organization was originally located in Paris, but after France withdrew from the military organization in 1966 (it remained in the treaty itself and partially rejoined in 1995), it was moved to Brussels in April 1967. Since the Eastern European Revolution in 1989, the dissolution of the Warsaw Pact in 1991 and the dissolution of the Soviet Union marked the end of the Cold War, and NATO has shifted to a new strategy for the post-Cold War era. The North Atlantic Cooperation Council was established with the former Soviet Union and Eastern European countries, and the movement towards a "new NATO" began, and in 1999 Poland, the Czech Republic, and Hungary joined, bringing the total to 19. In March-June 1999, NATO forces bombed Yugoslavia in response to the Kosovo conflict. In November 2002, the NATO summit approved the membership of seven countries, including the three Baltic states of Lithuania, Latvia, and Estonia, as well as Slovakia, Slovenia, Bulgaria, and Romania, and in the spring of 2004, NATO moved to a 26-nation structure. At the same summit, it was also agreed to form a "NATO Rapid Response Force" (20,000 strong) to deal with terrorism. In addition, the "NATO-Russia Council" was established in May 2002 with Russia.
Related topics: Eisenhower | Acheson | United States | Security | Estonia | F16 fighter planes | Collective security | Spiegel | John Birch Society | Scramble | Stockholm Appeal | Spark | Slovakia | Slovenia | World War II | Central Treaty Organization | Truman | Truman Doctrine | Western European Union | Baltic States | Brussels | Bulgaria | Pact for Cooperation for Peace | Bevin | Belgium | Poland | Treaty on Conventional Armed Forces in Europe | Treaty on the European Defence Community | Latvia | Ridgway | Lithuania | Romania | Russia

Source : Heibonsha Encyclopedia About MyPedia Information

Japanese:
北大西洋条約機構North Atlantic Treaty Organizationの略称。冷戦が激化した1949年に調印された北大西洋条約に基づき設立された自由陣営最大の国際軍事機構。加盟国中の一国に対する武力攻撃は全加盟国に対する攻撃とみなして集団的自衛権を行使することを規定している。その適用範囲はヨーロッパ・北米・北大西洋上の加盟国領土,駐欧加盟国軍隊となっている。最高機関は各国閣僚級代表で構成する理事会で,その下に防衛計画委員会(国防相級代表)および軍事政策指導に当たる軍事委員会(参謀総長級代表)などがある。ヨーロッパ連合軍最高司令部はベルギーのカストーにあり,北西欧・中欧・南欧の各司令部を指揮下に置く。大西洋海軍最高司令部はアメリカのノーフォークにあり,西大西洋・東大西洋の各司令部を指揮下に置く。条約加盟国は初め米国,英国,フランス,カナダ,イタリア,オランダ,ベルギー,ルクセンブルク,デンマーク,アイスランド,ノルウェー,ポルトガルの12ヵ国で,のちギリシア,トルコ,西ドイツ(現ドイツ),スペインが加わって16ヵ国となった。機構事務局は初めパリ,1966年フランスの軍事機構脱退(条約そのものには残留し,1995年部分的に復帰)に伴い1967年4月以後はブリュッセル。1989年の東欧革命以来,1991年のワルシャワ条約機構の解体,ソ連邦解体とつづく動きは冷戦時代の終りを印象づけ,NATOもポスト冷戦時代の新戦略に転換することになった。旧ソ連・東欧諸国との間に北大西洋協力会議を設置し,〈新NATO〉に向けて動きだし,1999年ポーランド,チェコ,ハンガリーが加盟し,19ヵ国となった。1999年3月―6月,コソボ紛争を契機としてNATO軍はユーゴスラビア空爆を実施した。その後2002年11月のNATO首脳会議は,リトアニア,ラトビア,エストニアのバルト3国と,スロバキア,スロベニア,ブルガリア,ルーマニアの計7ヵ国の加盟を承認し,2004年春にNATO26ヵ国体制に移行した。なお,同首脳会議ではテロ対応のために〈NATO即応部隊〉(2万人規模)を編成することが合意された。また,ロシアとの間に2002年5月〈NATOロシア理事会〉が設置された。
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