A concept used by German sociologist Max Weber in contrast to modern rational bureaucracy. As the scope of control of patriarchy, the epitome of traditional rule, expanded, ruling officials who pledged absolute loyalty to the head of the family, i.e., patrimonial bureaucrats, took the place of the head of the family and focused on controlling the territory and people that were his property, while also controlling other peripheral areas. As historical examples of rule by such patrimonial bureaucracy, Weber cited the rule of the emperors in ancient Egypt and ancient China, and the rule of modern absolute monarchs. In patrimonial bureaucracy, the relationship of dominance and submission between officials and the monarch was a servile relationship based on feelings of submission, and the personality of the officials was not recognized. In this sense, they were "patrimonial" bureaucrats. The Japanese bureaucracy before World War II, which stipulated loyalty to the emperor, can be said to have been largely colored by patrimonial bureaucracy. [Yoshiyuki Sato] [References] | | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
ドイツの社会学者マックス・ウェーバーが、近代的な合理的官僚制に対比して用いた概念。伝統的支配の典型である家父長制の支配範囲が拡大したために、家長に絶対的忠誠を誓う支配幹部、すなわち家産的官僚が、家長にかわって彼の家産である領土や人民の支配を中心としながら、それ以外の周辺領域をも支配する制度のことである。このような家産官僚制による支配の歴史的事例として、ウェーバーは、古代エジプトや古代中国における皇帝の支配や、近代の絶対君主による支配をあげている。家産官僚制においては、官吏の君主に対する支配服従関係は、恭順の感情に基づく隷従関係であって、官吏の人格は認められない。この意味で彼らは「家産的」官僚であった。官吏の天皇への忠誠を規定していた第二次世界大戦前の日本の官僚制は、多分に家産官僚的色彩を帯びていたといえる。 [佐藤慶幸] [参照項目] | | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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