A species of the genus Phoenix in the palm family (APG classification: Palmaceae). This species was the first to use the genus name Phoenix. The species name means a palm that bears finger-shaped jujubes. Native to the arid regions along the Persian Gulf. The trunk is single or gregarious, erect or inclined, 25-30 meters tall and 50-70 centimeters in diameter. Petiole scars protrude high on the bark of the trunk, leaving behind horn-shaped scars. The leaves are pinnate, with 50-80 leaves, semi-glossy, gray-green in color. The pinnae are 20-40 centimeters long and the petioles are long. The spadix is yellow or orange in color. The male flowers are white and the female flowers are green. The fruit is elliptical, 4-7 centimeters long, 2-3 centimeters in diameter, and reddish brown to purple-black in color. The flesh contains a large amount of sugar and has a wide range of uses in addition to being eaten raw, so it is cultivated as a fruit tree. They are usually planted in rows with 1 male plant for every 50 female plants, and are artificially pollinated. They grow best in dry areas where the cultivation temperature is above 2°C. [Toshihiko Satake May 21, 2019] useIn desert regions, dates are an important staple food, and are classified as raw dates, dried dates, and enucleated dates depending on the state they are used in. The flesh is soft and can be eaten raw, but they are also dried in the sun and eaten as is or processed. 100 grams of dried dates contain 63 grams of carbohydrates, 2 grams of protein, 0.2 grams of fat, 80 milligrams of calcium, 95 milligrams of phosphorus, and other vitamins, and have a high nutritional value of 235 kilocalories. The dried fruit is used to make sweets and jams, and is also used as an ingredient in alcoholic beverages. The new leaves are called gari and are used as a vegetable. The trunks, which can reach a diameter of up to 50cm, are widely used as building materials, and the leaves are used for thatching roofs and woven to make furniture. The inflorescences are distilled to produce the perfume 'tara', and the sap is fermented and added to the production of the distilled alcoholic beverage 'arrack'. The kernels are used as livestock feed, and the rubber-like substance 'kukmchil' secreted from the tree has medicinal properties. It is also important as a roadside tree and in gardens. [Muneo Iizuka May 21, 2019] [References] | | |Also known as dates ©Shogakukan "> Date palm (dried dates) Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
ヤシ科(APG分類:ヤシ科)フェニックス属の1種。フェニックスの属名は本種が最初に用いられた。種名は、指状のナツメをつけるヤシの意味である。ペルシア湾沿岸の乾燥地帯原産。幹は単一または群生で、直立または傾立し、高さ25~30メートル、径50~70センチメートル。幹肌には葉柄痕(こん)が高く突出し、角(つの)状に残る。葉は羽状葉で50~80枚あり、半光沢で灰緑色。羽片は20~40センチメートルで、葉柄は長い。肉穂花序は黄色または橙(だいだい)色。雄花は白色、雌花は緑色。果実は楕円(だえん)形で長さ4~7センチメートル、径2~3センチメートル、赤褐色から紫黒色を呈する。果肉には多量の糖分を含み、生食するほか用途が広く、果樹として栽培される。 普通は雌株50本に雄株1本の割合で条(すじ)植えし、人工授粉を行う。栽培温度は2℃以上で、乾燥地でよく育つ。 [佐竹利彦 2019年5月21日] 利用砂漠地帯では主食として重要で、利用時の状態から生デート、乾燥デート、除核デートなどと区別される。果肉は柔らかく生食もできるが、天日で乾燥させたものをそのまま、または加工して食べる。乾燥デート100グラムには炭水化物63グラム、タンパク質2グラム、脂質0.2グラム、カルシウム80ミリグラム、リン95ミリグラム、その他ビタミン類を含み、235キロカロリーと栄養価が高い。乾果で菓子やジャムをつくり、またアルコール飲料の原料ともする。新葉はガリgariといい、木菜として利用する。 直径50センチメートルにもなる幹は広く建材に利用され、葉は屋根を葺(ふ)いたり、編んで家具をつくる。花穂からは蒸留して香水タラtaraをとり、樹液は発酵させて蒸留酒アラックarrackをつくるときに加える。核は家畜飼料になり、樹体から分泌するゴム様物質ククムチルkukmchilは薬用となる。また街路樹、庭園樹としても重要である。 [飯塚宗夫 2019年5月21日] [参照項目] | | |デーツともよばれる©Shogakukan"> ナツメヤシ(乾燥デート) 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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