A market where buyers and sellers gather at a fixed location on a fixed day to conduct transactions. It is also called a "hikiriichi" or "daily market." It is a form of market commerce. The fixed location is often a place with good transport access where there are many consumers, and the fixed day is usually on a weekly, monthly, or annual cycle. Markets with a short cycle are centered on daily necessities, especially food, while those with a long cycle are usually held for several days and usually cover a wide variety of goods. In the West, regular markets have existed since ancient times, but they did not become widespread until the Middle Ages. They are held on Christian holidays and are translated as "saiichi" (fair) or "oichi" (great market). These are annual markets that take place on an annual cycle. Well-known examples include the Champagne fair, the Geneva fair, the Lyon fair, and the Frankfurt am Main fair. In Japan, they began in the 5th and 6th centuries and became very popular throughout the country during the Sengoku period. Place names such as "Itsukaichi" (Itsukaichi) and "Tokaichi" (Tokaichi) are remnants of this. In both the West and Japan, regular markets fell into decline as settled commercial businesses developed with urbanization in the early modern period. Although their characteristics are quite different, some fairs can be considered to be regular markets in a different form. [Mitsuo Morimoto] [Reference item] |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
一定の日に売り手と買い手が一定の場所に集まって売買取引を行う市場。日切り市、日市(ひいち)ともいう。市場商業の一形態である。一定の場所としては、交通の便のよい消費者の多数存在する所が多く、一定の日としては、週、月、年などを周期とするのが普通である。周期の短いものは、生活必需品とくに食料品を中心とし、周期の長いものは、開催期間も数日に及ぶなど長く、売買される商品も広範多岐にわたるのが普通である。 西洋の場合、定期市は古代からあったが、本格的に普及したのは中世であった。それはキリスト教の祭日に開かれるもので、祭市(さいいち)fair、大市(おおいち)などと訳されるものである。これらは、年を周期とする年市(ねんいち)である。シャンパーニュの大市、ジュネーブの大市、リヨンの大市、フランクフルト・アム・マインの大市などはよく知られる。日本では5~6世紀に始まり、戦国時代に各地に大いに普及した。五日市、十日市などの地名は、その名残(なごり)である。西洋・日本とも、近世になって都市化とともに定住店舗商業が発達し、定期市は衰退した。性格はかなり異なるが、一部の見本市は形を変えた定期市といえる。 [森本三男] [参照項目] |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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