Xiao - Shou

Japanese: 簫 - しょう
Xiao - Shou

A wind instrument from East Asia. It is played by blowing into the edge (mouthpiece) at the top of the bamboo tube. It is broadly divided into panpipe-type with multiple tubes and single-tube type. The former is also called haisho or housho, and is made of 13 to 24 bamboo tubes of various lengths lined up. It was introduced to Japan from China during the Nara period as an instrument of Tang music. The xiao in Shosoin is a genuine one, and there are traces of it having been tuned by stuffing the inside of the tube. The latter is commonly known as dosho, and is thought to be a reed flute from the Western Regions that was introduced to the East. An extant Chinese Qing dynasty instrument for gagaku has a tube length of about 54 cm, five finger holes on the front and one on the back, and, unlike the Japanese shakuhachi, the inside of the tube wall is carved to create the edge. The gagaku shakuhachi in Shosoin is also a type of this. Additionally, the early modern Japanese hitoyogiri and fuke shakuhachi are sometimes called dosho.

[Ryūji Uta]

Dongxiao
Late 19th century, bamboo and ivory, length 59.7 cm, owned by the Metropolitan Museum of Art, China

Dongxiao


Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

東アジアの気鳴楽器。竹管の上端のエッジ(歌口)に息を当てて鳴らす。複数の管をもつパンパイプ型のものと、単管のものに大別される。前者は排簫(はいしょう)または鳳簫(ほうしょう)ともよばれ、13~24本の長短の竹管を並べたものである。日本へは奈良時代に唐楽の楽器として中国から伝来した。正倉院に伝来する簫はその実物で、管内に詰め物をして調律した跡がある。後者は洞簫(どうしょう)として一般に知られ、西域(せいいき)の葦笛(あしぶえ)が東へ伝わったものと考えられる。現存の中国清(しん)朝の雅楽用のものは管長約54センチメートル、指穴は前面に五つ、裏に一つあり、日本の尺八とは逆に、管壁の内側を削ってエッジをつくっている。正倉院の雅楽尺八もこの一種である。また、近世日本の一節切(ひとよぎり)や普化(ふけ)尺八を洞簫とよぶこともある。

[卜田隆嗣]

洞簫
19世紀後半 竹・象牙 管長59.7cm 中国メトロポリタン美術館所蔵">

洞簫


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