Investigative decision - Kendanzata

This was one of the judicial systems of the Kamakura Shogunate, and corresponds to today's criminal trials. The Kamakura Shogunate determined the judicial institutions according to the status of the parties involved, but from around the end of the 13th century, they were divided into Shomu-sata (real estate lawsuits), Zatsumu-sata (lawsuits for the sale and purchase of farmland, movable property, and credit-related matters), and Kendan-sata according to the subject of the lawsuit, and were handled by the Hikitsukekata, Monjusho, and Samuraidokoro, respectively. At the Rokuhara Tandai, the Kendankata was in charge, and the Shugo of Kyushu provinces also managed this, and the Shugo of each province also participated to a certain extent. A trial begins when the plaintiff identifies the Ronnin (defendant = criminal) and submits a complaint, and proceeds in roughly the same manner as Shomu-sata. In addition to the criminal, the complaint must specify the content and date of the incident, and the burden of proof was on the plaintiff. In the Muromachi Shogunate, the Samuraidokoro was in charge, and it was called Samuraidokoro-sata.

[Tokuhiko Ushita]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

鎌倉幕府の裁判制度の一つで、現在の刑事裁判に相当する。鎌倉幕府は当事者の身分によって裁判機関を定めていたが、13世紀末ごろから、所務(しょむ)沙汰（不動産訴訟）、雑務(ざつむ)沙汰（田畑売買・動産および債権関係の訴訟）、検断沙汰と訴訟対象によって区分し、引付方(ひきつけかた)、問注所、侍所(さむらいどころ)がそれぞれ担当した。六波羅(ろくはら)探題では検断方が担当し、九州諸国の守護もこれを管掌、また諸国守護も部分的に関与した。裁判は訴人（原告）が論人(ろんにん)（被告＝犯科人）を特定して訴状を提出することから始まり、およそ所務沙汰と同様の手続で進行する。訴状には犯科人のほか、事件の内容と日時を明示する必要があり、挙証責任は訴人の側にあった。室町幕府では侍所が担当し、侍所沙汰といった。

［羽下徳彦］

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