Dudley

Japanese: ダッドリー（英語表記）Dudley

A region in the western part of the West Midlands region in central England, England. It is located in a hilly area about 15 km west of Birmingham. A settlement was formed around a castle built by the Saxons in the 8th century, and developed as a market town in the Middle Ages. In addition to rich coal resources, the area is also blessed with iron ore and limestone, which were mined early on, and by the 17th century it had become an important industrial center through coal mining and iron metallurgy. In the 18th century, when coal began to be used for iron smelting, it rapidly developed as an iron manufacturing center, and pig iron production peaked around 1870. The surrounding area also developed as an industrial area, but as a result, the area was covered in factory waste and soot, and air pollution progressed, so it came to be called the "Black Country" and was often called its "capital". Manufacturing of metal products such as nails and chains and glass also became popular, and although the iron industry declined, it became an industrial city with industries such as steelmaking, machinery, sanitary ware, bricks, clothing, and leather. Area: ^98km2 . Population: 305,164 (2001).

Dudley
Dudley, Edmund

[Born] Around 1462
[Died] August 18, 1510, London. An English financial administrator. He was appointed by King Henry VII and was made a Privy Councillor shortly after the king's reign. As financial administrator together with R. Empson, he ruthlessly imposed taxes and fines, enriching the royal finances but earning the hatred of the people. In 1504, he became Speaker of the House of Commons. During the reign of Henry VIII, he was imprisoned (1509) and executed for treason. While in prison, he wrote "The Tree of the Commonwealth" and defended absolute monarchy.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

イギリス，イングランド中部，ウェストミッドランズ地域西部の地区。バーミンガムの西約 15kmの丘陵地帯に位置する。サクソン人（ザクセン人）によって 8世紀頃築かれた城を中心に集落が形成され，中世には市場町として発展。また豊かな石炭資源のほかに，鉄鉱石，石灰岩にも恵まれ，早くからそれらの採掘が行なわれており，17世紀までには採炭と鉄冶金により重要な工業中心地となった。18世紀に入って石炭が鉄の製錬に用いられるようになると製鉄中心地として急速に発展し，1870年頃銑鉄の生産がピークに達した。周辺一帯も工業地帯として発展したが，それに伴って工場廃棄物や煤煙に覆われ大気汚染が進んだため，「ブラックカントリー」と呼ばれるようになり，しばしばその「首都」といわれた。釘，チェーンなどの金属製品やガラスなどの製造も盛んとなり，製鉄業は衰えたが，製鋼，機械，衛生陶器，煉瓦，衣料，皮革などの工業が発達する工業都市となっている。面積 98km²。人口 30万5164（2001）。

ダッドリー
Dudley， Edmund

[生]1462頃
[没]1510.8.18. ロンドン
イギリスの財務行政官。国王ヘンリー7世に登用され，王の治世早々から枢密顧問官に任じられ，R.エンプソンとともに財務管理官として容赦なく課税や罰金取立てを強行，王室財政を富ませたが国民の恨みを買った。 1504年下院議長。ヘンリー8世の治世になると投獄され (1509) ，反逆罪をもって処刑された。獄中で『共和国の樹』 Tree of Commonwealthを執筆，絶対王政を擁護した。

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