Nakamura Tomijuro

Japanese: 中村富十郎 - なかむらとみじゅうろう

A Kabuki actor. His stage name has been Tennojiya for generations.

First World

(1719-1786) The third son of Yoshizawa Ayame I, a famous onnagata (female actor) of the Genroku period (1688-1704). His haiku name was Keishi. He was a representative onnagata (female actor) who was active from the Horeki to Tenmei periods (1751-1789). He studied Shosagoto (traditional Japanese manners) under Nakamura Kyojuro I, and was handsome, had a wide artistic range, and excelled in chigai (traditional Japanese folk art). In his later years, he even played leading roles. He is known to posterity as the creator of "Kyoganoko Musume Dojoji" (The Daughter of Kyoto's Destiny). Along with Segawa Kikunojo I, he was also a representative actor during the heyday of onnagata buyo (female actor) dance.

[Yukio Hattori]

II

(1786-1855) A disciple of Nakamura Utaemon III. He started out in children's plays in Osaka, and gradually his talent was recognized, leading him to take the stage name of Nakamura Matsue III in 1833 (Tenpo 4). He was active from the Bunsei to Tenpo eras (1818-1844), and became a famous female actor representing the Kamigata theater world at the end of the Edo period. He was commonly known as the "Tayu of Namba." In 1843, he was exiled from Osaka for his extravagant lifestyle, and worked at theaters in Sakai, Kyoto, Nagoya, and other places, dying in Sakai.

[Yukio Hattori]

III

(1859-1901) A female actor from Osaka, he became an actor in Tokyo after 1886 (Meiji 19). In 1891, he succeeded the third generation.

[Yukio Hattori]

IV

(1908-1960) The third son of Bando Hikojuro II. During the time of Bando Tsurunosuke III, he was active in the youth kabuki world with Kataoka Gato (Kataoka Nizaemon XIII) and others, and took the stage name of Tomijuro IV in 1943 (Showa 18). After World War II, he moved to Kansai Kabuki, where he was highly regarded as a leading female actor after the death of Nakamura Baigyoku III.

[Yukio Hattori]

5th

(1929-2011) His real name was Watanabe Hajime. He was the eldest son of the 4th generation. After serving as the 4th generation Bando Tsurunosuke and the 6th generation Ichimura Takenojo, he took on the name of the 5th generation in September 1972 (Showa 47). He possessed outstanding talent for freshness of voice and skillful dialogue technique. He inherited the correct traditional arts of Kobukatsu, had a wide range of performance, and excelled in his mannerisms. During his youth, when he was known as Tsurunosuke, he participated in Takechi Kabuki with the 2nd generation Nakamura Senjaku (later the 4th generation Sakata Tojuro), and was popular during what was called the "Senjaku period." In 1990, he was awarded the Purple Ribbon Medal, in 1994 he was recognized as a Holder of Important Intangible Cultural Properties (Living National Treasure), and in 1996 he became a member of the Japan Art Academy.

[Yukio Hattori]

"Nakamura Tomijuro V: Fifty Years of Art" (1994, Kodansha) by Nakamura Tomijuro

[References] | Kabuki | Kyokanoko Musume Dojoji | Sakata Tojuro

Nakamura Tomijuro (first generation)
©Shogakukan Library ">

Nakamura Tomijuro (first generation)

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

歌舞伎(かぶき)俳優。屋号は代々天王寺屋。

初世

（1719―1786）元禄(げんろく)期（1688～1704）の名女方(おんながた)初世芳沢(よしざわ)あやめの三男。俳名慶子(けいし)。宝暦(ほうれき)～天明(てんめい)（1751～1789）にかけて活躍した代表的女方。初世中村京十郎に師事して所作事(しょさごと)を修業、美貌(びぼう)で芸域が広く、地芸にも優れていた。晩年には立役(たちやく)まで演じた。とくに『京鹿子娘道成寺(きょうがのこむすめどうじょうじ)』の創演者として後世に知られる。初世瀬川菊之丞(せがわきくのじょう)と並び、女方舞踊全盛期を代表する俳優でもあった。

［服部幸雄］

2世

（1786―1855）3世中村歌右衛門(なかむらうたえもん)の門弟。大坂の子供芝居から出発し、しだいに実力を認められて1833年（天保4）3世中村松江から2世を襲名した。文政(ぶんせい)～天保(てんぽう)（1818～1844）のころに活躍し、幕末の上方(かみがた)劇壇を代表する名女方となる。俗に「難波(なんば)の太夫(たゆう)」とよばれた。1843年、奢侈(しゃし)の暮らしがとがめられ、大坂を追放され、堺(さかい)・京・名古屋などの芝居に出勤し、堺で没した。

［服部幸雄］

3世

（1859―1901）大阪出身の女方だが、1886年（明治19）以後、東京の俳優となる。1891年に3世を継いだ。

［服部幸雄］

4世

（1908―1960）2世坂東彦十郎(ばんどうひこじゅうろう)の三男。3世坂東鶴之助の時代、片岡我當(がとう)（13世片岡仁左衛門(にざえもん)）らと青年歌舞伎で活躍し、1943年（昭和18）4世富十郎を襲名。第二次世界大戦後は関西歌舞伎に移り、3世中村梅玉(ばいぎょく)没後の立女方(たておやま)として重んじられた。

［服部幸雄］

5世

（1929―2011）本名渡辺一(はじめ)。4世の長男。4世坂東鶴之助、6世市村竹之丞(たけのじょう)を経て、1972年（昭和47）9月、5世を襲名した。音声のさわやかさ、台詞(せりふ)術の巧みさに卓抜した才能をもつ。骨法の正しい伝統の技芸を継承し、芸域も広く、所作事にも優れる。鶴之助を名のっていた青年時代、2世中村扇雀（後の4世坂田藤十郎(さかたとうじゅうろう)）とともに、武智歌舞伎(たけちかぶき)に参加して人気があり、「扇鶴時代」とよばれた。1990年（平成2）紫綬褒章(しじゅほうしょう)受章、1994年重要無形文化財保持者（人間国宝）の認定を受け、1996年日本芸術院会員となる。

［服部幸雄］

『中村富十郎著『五代目中村富十郎　五十年の芸』（1994・講談社）』

[参照項目] | 歌舞伎 | 京鹿子娘道成寺 | 坂田藤十郎

中村富十郎（初世）

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