Nagasaki Health Center

Japan's first Western-style hospital, built at the end of the Edo period, is also known as Koshima Yojosho after the place where it was built. In 1857 (Ansei 4), Dutch military doctor Pompe was invited by the Edo Shogunate to Japan as a medical officer at the Naval Training School in Nagasaki, and strongly requested the establishment of a medical school with a hospital to train military doctors. In 1860 (Man'en 1), approval for establishment was granted, and the opening ceremony was held on September 20, 1861 (August 16, Bunkyu 1). It consisted of two two-story wooden buildings measuring 12.5 ken (approx. 22.7 meters) from east to west and 4 ken (approx. 7.3 meters) from north to south, and had eight large rooms with 15 beds each, four small rooms for patients who required isolation or surgery, as well as a medicine room, library, equipment room, Western-style kitchen, bathroom, and walkway. Adjacent to the hospital was a medical school that provided classrooms and dormitories for medical students. Medical equipment was also imported from Europe, and the opening of this hospital and medical school allowed Pompe to give his first clinical lectures. In 1865 (Keio 1), the hospital was renamed Seitokukan, and in 1868 (Meiji 1) it was reformed to allow the general public to visit, and during the Seinan War (1877) it became a military hospital. Pompe returned to Japan in 1861, but Dutch military doctors Beaudoin (who had arrived in Japan in 1862) and Mansveld (who had arrived in Japan in 1866) were in charge of training.

[Ranzaburo Otori September 19, 2018]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

江戸末期に建てられた日本で最初の西洋病院。建設された地名から小島(こしま)養生所ともよばれる。1857年（安政4）江戸幕府に招かれて長崎の海軍伝習所医官として来日したオランダ人軍医ポンペは軍医養成のための病院付き医学校の設立を強く要請していた。1860年（万延1）設立が認可され、1861年9月20日（文久1年8月16日）開院式が行われた。東西12間半（約22.7メートル）、南北4間（約7.3メートル）の木造2階建て2棟からなり、ベッド15床を備えた大病室8室と、隔離あるいは手術を要する患者を収容する小病室4室のほかに、薬品室、図書室、器具室、洋式調理室、浴室、遊歩場などを備えていた。病院に隣接して医学生のための教室・寄宿舎である医学所が置かれていた。医療器具などもヨーロッパから輸入され、ポンペはこの病院付き医学校の開設によって初めて臨床講義を行うことができた。1865年（慶応1）には精得館と改称、1868年（明治1）には改革され一般市民も受診できるようになり、また西南戦争（1877）時には軍事病院となった。ポンペは1861年に帰国したが、ボードイン（1862年来日）、マンスフェルト（1866年来日）とオランダ人軍医が指導にあたった。

［大鳥蘭三郎　2018年9月19日］

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