A language consisting of instructions that the central processing unit of a computer can directly understand and execute. It instructs each and every operation within a computer, such as the exchange of information between the memory device and the processor, arithmetic operations and other processes within the processor, commands for input/output channels, and the exchange of information between the input/output channels and registers. Because machine language is expressed as bit combination patterns that correspond to binary and hexadecimal numbers, and because it must describe the exchange of data between registers and memory devices, it is far removed from the language and descriptions that humans use on a daily basis, making it difficult to understand and extremely difficult to use. For this reason, machine language is rarely used directly in program development. As a result, a developed program cannot run on a computer unless it is translated into machine language. The program used for this translation is called a compiler. The language used in program development that is closest to machine language is assembly language, which has instruction symbols that correspond to machine language instructions. To work with assembly language, you need to have a thorough understanding of the functions of machine language. A program that translates programs written in assembly language into machine language is called an assembler. When maintaining programs for microprocessors, they may be modified directly in machine language. [Katsuaki Ono] [Reference] | | | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
コンピュータの中央処理装置が直接理解し、実行することができる命令からなる言語。記憶装置と演算装置の間の情報のやりとり、演算装置の内部における算術演算などの処理、入出力チャネルに対する指令、入出力チャネルとレジスターの間の情報のやりとりなど、コンピュータ内の動作を一つ一つ指示する。 機械語は、二進数や十六進数に対応したビットの組合せパターンで表現されること、およびレジスターや記憶装置の間のデータのやりとりを記述しなければならないことから、人間が日常使うことばや記述からほど遠く、見通しが悪くて作業性はきわめて低い。そのため、プログラムの開発に機械語が直接使われることは、ほとんどない。したがって、開発されたプログラムは一度機械語に翻訳されなければコンピュータを作動させることができない。この翻訳のためのプログラムをコンパイラcompilerという。 プログラム開発に用いられる言語でもっとも機械語に近いものはアセンブリ言語assembly languageで、機械語の命令に対応した命令記号をもっている。アセンブリ言語で作業する場合は、機械語の機能を完全に知る必要がある。アセンブリ言語で書かれたプログラムを機械語に翻訳するためのプログラムをアセンブラassemblerという。マイクロプロセッサーmicroprocessorなどのプログラムを保守する場合は、機械語で直接修正することもある。 [小野勝章] [参照項目] | | | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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