Niijima Jo - Niijima Jo

Japanese: 新島襄 - にいじまじょう
Niijima Jo - Niijima Jo

Christian pastor and educator. Founder of Doshisha University. Born in the Annaka Domain residence in Hitotsubashi, Edo. The eldest son of father Tamijiro (1807-1887) and mother Tomi (1807-1896). His childhood name was Shimeta and given name Tsunemoto. In 1856 (Ansei 3), he was selected from among the children of the domain to study Dutch studies, and in 1860 (Man'en 1), he entered the Naval Training School in Tsukiji, Edo, where he engaged in navigation training. In June 1864 (Genji 1), he escaped overseas from Hakodate on an American ship, and arrived in Boston the following July, 1865 (Keio 1). He was protected by the ship's owner Alpheus Hardy (1815-1887) and his wife, and was baptized in December 1866. In September 1867, he entered Amherst College, graduating in 1870 (Meiji 3). He went on to Andover Theological Seminary, graduating from its special course in July 1874. In July 1871, he received permission from the Meiji government to "study in the United States," and from March 1872 to September 1873 accompanied the Iwakura Mission, investigating the educational systems of various countries. In September 1874, he was ordained as a pastor at a church in Boston, and in October, at the annual meeting of the American Board, he appealed for the establishment of Christian schools in Japan, and returned to Japan with their support. On November 29, 1875, he established Doshisha English School in Kyoto, with Kyoto Prefecture advisor Kakuma Yamamoto as a member, and American missionary Jerome Dean Davis (1838-1910) as his teacher. In April 1877, he opened the Doshisha Girls' School Branch School (later the Specialized Studies Department of Doshisha Girls' School). From April 1884 to December 1885, he toured Europe and the United States, solidifying his education and missionary strategies before returning to Japan. In 1887, he opened the Touka School in Sendai, Doshisha Hospital in Kyoto, and the Kyoto Nurses' School. In November 1888, he announced to the nation the "Intentions for Establishing Doshisha University," extolling the unique qualities of private education and advocating free education based on moral education. He died in Oiso, Kanagawa Prefecture, in the middle of the movement to establish a university. In 1912, Doshisha University opened under the Specialized School Act. The Complete Works of Niijima Jo is available in 10 volumes (1983-1996).

[Rokuro Sugii March 19, 2018]

"The Life of Niijima Jo, by Z. D. Davis, translated by Murata Tsutomu (1891, Keiseisha)""The Life of Niijima Jo, by Z. D. Davis, translated by Yamamoto Mikoshino (1924, Keiseisha)""Niijima Jo, by Wada Yoichi (1973, Publishing Bureau of the United Church of Christ in Japan/Iwanami Gendai Bunko)"

[References] | Iwakura Mission | Doshisha University | Kakuma Yamamoto
Niijima Jo
National Diet Library

Niijima Jo


Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

キリスト教牧師、教育者。同志社創立者。江戸一ツ橋の安中(あんなか)藩邸に生れる。父民治(1807―1887)・母とみ(1807―1896)の長男。幼名は七五三太(しめた)、諱(いみな)は経幹(つねもと)。1856年(安政3)藩中の子弟から選抜されて蘭学を学び、1860年(万延1)江戸築地(つきじ)の軍艦操練所に入り、航海実習に従事。1864年(元治1)6月アメリカ船で箱館から海外に脱出、翌1865年(慶応1)7月ボストンに到着。船主アルフィアス・ハーディAlpheus Hardy(1815―1887)夫妻の庇護を受け、1866年12月受洗。翌1867年9月アマースト大学に入学、1870年(明治3)卒業。アンドーバー神学校に進み、1874年7月特別コースを卒業した。なお、1871年7月明治政府から「米国留学」の免許を受け、1872年3月から翌1873年9月にかけて岩倉遣外使節に随行、各国学校教育制度の調査を担当した。1874年9月ボストンの教会で按手礼を受けて牧師となり、10月アメリカン・ボードの年次大会で日本にキリスト教主義学校の設立を訴え、その支持を得て帰国。1875年11月29日京都府顧問山本覚馬を結社人とし、アメリカ人宣教師デービスJerome Dean Davis(1838―1910)を担当教師として同志社英学校を京都に創設した。1877年4月同志社分校女紅場(にょこうば)(のち同志社女学校専問部)を開校。1884年4月から翌1885年12月まで欧米を巡歴して教育と伝道の方策を固めて帰国。1887年仙台に東華学校、京都に同志社病院、京都看病婦学校を開き、1888年11月「同志社大学設立の旨意」を全国に公表し、私学教育の特性を高唱し、徳育を基本とする自由教育を標榜(ひょうぼう)した。大学設立運動のなかば、神奈川県大磯で死去した。1912年専門学校令による同志社大学が開校した。『新島襄全集』全10巻(1983~1996)がある。

[杉井六郎 2018年3月19日]

『ゼー・デー・デビス著、村田勤訳『新島襄先生之伝』(1891・警醒社)』『ゼー・デー・デビス著、山本美越乃訳補『新島襄先生伝』(1924・警醒社)』『和田洋一著『新島襄』(1973・日本基督教団出版局/岩波現代文庫)』

[参照項目] | 岩倉使節団 | 同志社大学 | 山本覚馬
新島襄
国立国会図書館所蔵">

新島襄


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