Ukimen - Ukimen

A form of menden, one of the land systems from the 10th century onwards. Also called ukimenden. Most of these were miscellaneous service-free fields that were exempt from the latter of the annual tax and miscellaneous public duties, and although the area was fixed, the amount of land allocated to each tsubo was not fixed, and the location fluctuated from year to year. Therefore, recipients of ukimenden (those who were given the right to obtain the miscellaneous duties that were exempted on behalf of the provincial government office, etc.) obtained their share through the provincial government office, etc. From the 11th century onwards, the amount of land allocated to each tsubo was fixed (fixed amount), and manors with miscellaneous service-free fields as the core were established. However, even in the Middle Ages, they remained as land provided to manor officials and land stewards, and there were cases where ukimen were used even when the farmer was not fixed.

[Kimura Shigemitsu]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

10世紀以降の土地制度の一つである免田(めんでん)の一形態。浮免田ともいう。年貢、公事雑役(くじぞうやく)のうち後者が免除される雑役免田に多く、面積は一定であるがその坪付(つぼつけ)は固定せず、年によって場所が浮動する免田をいう。したがって浮免田の受給者（国衙(こくが)などにかわって、免除された分の雑役などを取得する権利を与えられた者）は国衙などを介して得分を取得した。11世紀以降坪付の固定化（定免化）が進み、雑役免田を中心とした荘園(しょうえん)が成立する。しかし、中世に入っても荘官や地頭の給田として残り、作人不定の場合も浮免ということがあった。

［木村茂光］

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