Naumann, Edmund

Japanese: ナウマン - Ｎａｕｍａｎｎ，Ｅｄｍｕｎｄ

Year of death: 1927.2.1 (1927.2.1)
Born: September 11, 1854
A foreigner employed in Japan during the Meiji period. A German geologist. Born in Meissen. He studied geology at the University of Munich, and after obtaining his doctorate in 1874, he was employed by the Bavarian Mining Bureau. He came to Japan in 1875 and became a teacher at the Tokyo Kaisei School, which became the University of Tokyo in 1887, and became its first professor of geology. Two years later, he proposed to the government at the time that a new Geology Division be established in the Geographical Bureau of the Ministry of the Interior, and he was transferred there. After working for six years at this institute, which became the Geological Survey of Japan in 1882 (its first director was Ishiro Wada), Naumann devoted himself to geological surveys throughout Japan until his return to Japan in 1883. His most famous achievement was the discovery of a folded mountain range that crossed central Honshu as a structural structure, which he named Fossa Magna, and on the basis of this knowledge he proposed a geological hypothesis regarding the formation of the structure of the Japanese archipelago. As a by-product of his geological surveys, he also excavated and investigated fossils, and in 1812 he published a report on ancient elephant fossils unearthed in Shodoshima, Yokosuka, and other places in Seto. These were later named "Naumann's elephants" by Makiyama Jiro. Although he was an excellent scholar, he had problems as a teacher, and after returning to Europe, his efforts to introduce Japan were superficial. In 1886, when he gave a lecture on Japan at the Dresden Geological Society, Mori Mori (Ogai), who was in attendance, countered him. After returning to Japan, he worked at the University of Munich and at several companies, but died while frequently ill. <Works> "Ueber den Bau und die Entste‐ hung der japanischen Inseln" <References> Ueno Masuzo, "Hired Foreigners," Vol. 3, Natural Sciences

(Yoichiro Murakami)

Source: Asahi Japanese Historical Biography: Asahi Shimbun Publications Inc. About Asahi Japanese Historical Biography

Japanese:

没年：1927.2.1(1927.2.1)
生年：1854.9.11
明治期に来日したお雇い外国人。ドイツ人地質学者。マイセン生まれ。ミュンヘン大学で地質学を学び,1874年に学位取得後,バイエルン鉱山局に就職。明治8(1875)年に来日して東京開成学校の教師となり,開成学校が10年東大となって,初代の地質学の教授となった。2年後当時の政府に建言して内務省地理局に地質課を新設させ,そこに配置換えになった。15年に地質調査所となったこの機関(初代所長は和田維四郎)に6年間勤務したナウマンは,18年帰国するまで,日本全土の地質学的調査に専念した。その成果のなかでも最も著名なのは,本州中部を横断する構造体としての褶曲山脈を発見,これにフォッサ・マグナと命名したことであり,こうした知見を土台に日本列島の構造の生成に関して地質学的仮説を提案したことである。地質調査の副産物として化石の発掘や調査も行い,15年瀬戸の小豆島,横須賀などから出土した旧象化石を発表し,これらはのちに槙山次郎によって「ナウマン象」と名付けられた。学者としては優秀だったが,教師としては問題があり,また帰欧後の日本の紹介活動も皮相的で,1886年にドレスデンの地質学協会での日本についての講演には,出席していた森林太郎(鴎外)が反論を展開するという事件もあった。帰国後はミュンヘン大学やいくつかの会社を転々としたが病気がちのうちに没した。<著作>《Ueber den Bau und die Entste‐ hung der japanischen Inseln》<参考文献>上野益三『お雇い外国人』3巻自然科学篇

(村上陽一郎)

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