Sprechchor (English spelling) Sprechchor German

Japanese: シュプレヒコール - しゅぷれひこーる(英語表記)Sprechchor ドイツ語
Sprechchor (English spelling) Sprechchor German

A type of recitation style in which a group shouts a line of a poem or a line with a certain rhythm, pitch, and strength. It is sometimes translated as "choral poetry." It is mainly used to strongly appeal to the audience with short phrases such as slogans, but unlike unison singing or choral singing, it is characterized by "vocal communication" with simple gestures rather than sophisticated musical processing. This style is said to have been first used by Karl Liebknecht, the leader of the German revolution, during anti-war demonstrations by workers during World War I. Since then, it has become a theatrical form and has been widely used mainly in the field of left-wing theater, such as German Expressionist theater and Russian revolutionary theater, and has been incorporated into scripts and plays. In particular, Brecht's series of "educational plays" are said to be the fruit of this. In Japan, it was popular in left-wing theater before World War II, and was carried over to rural theater and traveling theater during the war, and to a period after the war. It has also influenced "composed poems" and "group reading." It is also often used in labor union demonstrations and group political slogans.

[Tsutomu Ohshima]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

詩や台詞(せりふ)の一節を、一定のリズム、特定の音域や強弱のもとに、集団で叫ばせる一種の朗読形式。「合唱詩」と訳されることもある。主としてスローガンなどの短い章句を観衆に強く訴えるために用いられるが、斉唱や合唱などと違って高度の音楽的処理によらず、単純な身ぶりを伴う「声による伝達」を特色とする。この形式は、第一次世界大戦中、ドイツ革命の指導者カール・リープクネヒトが労働者による反戦デモの際に用いたのが最初とされるが、以来、演劇形式の一つとなり、ドイツ表現主義演劇、ロシア革命演劇など、おもに左翼演劇の分野において盛んに使用され、台本や戯曲のなかに取り入れられた。とくにブレヒトの一連の「教育劇」はその結実とされる。日本でも第二次大戦前の左翼演劇において流行し、戦時の農村演劇、移動演劇を経て、戦後の一時期にまで引き継がれた。「構成詩」や「群読」にも影響を及ぼしている。また、労働組合の示威行動や集団による政治スローガンのアピールなどにもよく用いられる。

[大島 勉]

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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