Tonga

Japanese: トンガ
Tonga
◎Official name: Kingdom of Tonga. ◎Area: 748 km2 . ◎Population: 103,000 (2011). ◎Capital: Nukualofa (20,000, 2011). ◎Residents: Mostly Polynesian Tongans. ◎Religion: Mostly Christian. ◎Language: Tongan, English (both official languages). ◎Currency: Pa'anga (equivalent to the Australian dollar). ◎Head of State: King Tupou VI (born 1959, ascended the throne in March 2012). ◎Prime Minister: Samuela 'Akilisi Pohiva (inaugurated in December 2014). ◎Constitution: Established in 1875. ◎Parliament: Unicameral (38 seats, 17 of which are popularly elected, 3-year term). The most recent election was in November 2014. ◎GDP: $300 million (2008). ◎GNI per capita -$2,170 (2006). ◎Proportion of people employed in agriculture, forestry and fishing -37% (1990). ◎Life expectancy -69.8 years for men, 75.7 years for women (2013). ◎Infant mortality rate -13‰ (2010). ◎Literacy rate -99.0% (2006). * *Kingdom made up of islands in the southwest Pacific Ocean. The Tonga Islands (Friendly Islands) are an archipelago of about 150 volcanic and coral islands distributed north and south southeast of the Fiji Islands. The main island is Tongatapu, and Nuku'alofa on the northern coast of the island is the capital. The Tongans are Polynesian. The climate is mild. Agriculture is the main industry, and copra and bananas are produced. It is estimated that Tonga was unified by King Tui Tonga in the mid-10th century. In the first half of the 19th century, there was a civil war between three royal families, but King Tupou I, who converted to Christianity, unified the entire archipelago in 1845 with the help of the church and established a constitution in 1875. In 1900, the island nation signed a treaty of friendship with the United Kingdom and became a protectorate under the British Empire, gaining independence in June 1970. In September 1999, the island nation joined the United Nations. In September 2006, King Tupou IV, who had reigned for 40 years, died, and Crown Prince Tupoutoa ascended to the throne as King Tupou V. In 2012, King Tupou V's younger brother, King Tupou VI, ascended to the throne after his death.
→ Related article Tongatapu [island] | Polynesia

Source : Heibonsha Encyclopedia About MyPedia Information

Japanese:
◎正式名称−トンガ王国Kingdom of Tonga。◎面積−748km2。◎人口−10万3000人(2011)。◎首都−ヌクアロファNukualofa(2万人,2011)。◎住民−大部分がポリネシア系のトンガ人。◎宗教−大部分がキリスト教。◎言語−トンガ語,英語(以上公用語)。◎通貨−パアンガPa'anga(オーストラリア・ドルと等価)。◎元首−国王,トゥポウ6世 Tupou VI(1959年生れ,2012年3月即位)。◎首相−ポヒバSamiuela 'Akilisi Pohiva(2014年12月就任)。◎憲法−1875年制定。◎国会−一院制(定員38,うち一般選出議員17,任期3年)。最近の選挙は2014年11月。◎GDP−3億ドル(2008)。◎1人当りGNI−2170ドル(2006)。◎農林・漁業就業者比率−37%(1990)。◎平均寿命−男69.8歳,女75.7歳(2013)。◎乳児死亡率−13‰(2010)。◎識字率−99.0%(2006)。    *    *南西太平洋の島群よりなる王国。トンガ諸島(フレンドリー諸島)は,フィジー諸島南東方,南北に分布する約150の火山島とサンゴ島からなる諸島。主島はトンガタプ島で,同島北岸のヌクアロファが首都。住民のトンガ人はポリネシア人。気候は温和。農業が主で,コプラ,バナナを産する。 トンガがトゥイ・トンガ王によって統一されたのは10世紀半ばと推定されている。19世紀前半3王家間の内戦状態にあったが,キリスト教に改宗したトゥポウ1世が教会の助けも借りて1845年に全諸島を統一し,1875年憲法を制定した。1900年英国と友好条約を結んでその保護国となり,1970年6月独立。1999年9月,国連に加盟した。2006年9月,40年間君臨したトゥポウ4世が死去し,トゥポウトア皇太子がトゥポウ5世として即位。2012年トゥポウ5世の死去により,トゥポウ5世の弟トゥポウ6世が即位した。
→関連項目トンガタプ[島]|ポリネシア

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