Task force; mobile troops

Japanese: 機動部隊 - きどうぶたい(英語表記)task force; mobile troops
Task force; mobile troops
Originally, the term referred to highly mobile units, such as the Army's mechanized units, but in the Navy, it came to refer to special task forces that could operate freely without being confined to a specific area, had excellent endurance and speed, and were mainly based on aircraft carriers. In 1941, Japan was the first in the world to adopt the concentrated use of aircraft carriers, and the First Air Fleet was formed, centered on six aircraft carriers. With the start of World War II, the U.S. Navy was influenced by the Japanese First Air Fleet's successful voyage from Pearl Harbor to Ceylon, and recognized that aircraft carriers had become the main players in naval battles, so it formed a fast mobile task force centered on several aircraft carriers and protected by battleships, cruisers, and destroyers. During the war, technology for replenishment at sea also improved, and voyages could usually be made for 70 days. For example, the American task force that bombed Tokyo in February 1945 was composed of 16 aircraft carriers organized into four groups, with eight battleships, 17 cruisers, 81 destroyers, and over 1,200 aircraft. Currently, the US Navy is the one that makes full use of aircraft carrier task forces, and demonstrated their effectiveness in the Gulf War of 1991. The navies of the UK, France, Russia, India, and Spain also operate small aircraft carrier task forces.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:
本来は陸軍の機械化部隊のように,機動力に富む部隊をさしたが,海軍では一定の区域にとらわれず自由に行動する,持続力,速力にすぐれ,主として航空母艦 (空母) を基幹とする特別任務部隊をさすようになった。 1941年に日本で世界にさきがけて空母集中用法が採用され,空母6隻を中心とする第1航空艦隊が編成された。アメリカ海軍では第2次世界大戦開戦とともに,日本の第1航空艦隊が,真珠湾からセイロンまで航行して大きな戦果をあげたのに影響されて,空母が海戦の主役となったことを認識し,数隻の空母を中心とし,戦艦,巡洋艦,駆逐艦によって守られる高速の機動部隊を編成した。戦争中に,海上補給の技術も発達したので,通常 70日間航海できた。 45年2月に東京を空襲したアメリカ機動部隊を例にとれば,16隻の空母を基幹として4群に編成し,戦艦8隻,巡洋艦 17隻,駆逐艦 81隻,艦載機 1200機以上から成っていた。現在空母機動部隊を十分に活用しているのはアメリカ海軍で,91年の湾岸戦争でもその力を発揮している。イギリス,フランス,ロシア,インド,スペイン海軍も小規模な空母機動部隊を運用している。

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