Originally, the term referred to a victory plaque in ancient Greece and Rome, and included spoils of war, trophies, and victory memorials. Later, it came to mean a medal awarded to the winner of an athletic contest, and came to refer collectively to championship flags, medals, cups, shields, and other prizes, and today trophies are awarded in all types of competitions. The most commonly known are athletic trophies, which often have a sculpture on a base representing the content of the contest, but their shapes vary depending on the type of competition. The reason why all of these trophies are carved or decorated with olive branches and leaves is said to be due to the story that when the Greek hero Hercules celebrated his victory, he decorated his victory plaque with olive trees that grew in abundance in the Olympian fields. At the closing ceremony of the first modern Olympic Games in Athens (1896), the king presented the winners of each event with olive branches cut from Olympia and silver medals. Since then, olive or laurel branches and leaves have come to be engraved on the winner's cups, plaques, medals, and other items. [Noh Sato] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
もとは古代ギリシア・ローマ時代の戦勝記念標をいい、戦利品、戦利品飾り、戦勝記念物なども含めて称した。のち競技の優勝者に授与する賞牌(しょうはい)をいうようになり、優勝旗、メダル、カップ、盾その他の賞品を総称するに至って、現在ではあらゆる分野の競技にトロフィーの授与がみられる。一般に知られるのは運動競技のトロフィーで、台座上に競技の内容を表す彫像をつけたものが多いが、競技の種類により、形状はさまざまである。そのいずれにもオリーブの枝葉を彫ったり飾ったりするのは、ギリシア神話の英雄ヘラクレスが戦勝祝賀式を行った際、オリンピアの野に繁茂しているオリーブを戦勝記念標に飾ったという故事によるといわれる。近代オリンピック第1回アテネ大会(1896)の閉会式では、国王が各競技の優勝者にオリンピアから切り取ってきたオリーブの枝と銀の賞牌を授与したが、以来、優勝杯、優勝盾、優勝メダルその他にもオリーブまたは月桂樹(げっけいじゅ)の枝葉を刻むようになった。 [佐藤農人] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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