Peres, Shimon

Japanese: ペレス（英語表記）Peres, Shimon

Born: August 16, 1923?. Wyszniew, Poland
[Died] September 28, 2016. Ramat Gan, Israel. Polish-born Israeli politician. Prime Minister (1984-86, 1995-96), President (2007-14). In 1934, he moved to Palestine with his family. In 1947, he joined the Zionist military organization Haganah under David Ben-Gurion, who became his political mentor. In May 1948, when Israel gained independence, he was appointed Navy Commander at the young age of 24 under Prime Minister Ben-Gurion. He held key positions in the Ministry of Defense from 1952 to 1965, starting with Deputy Minister of Defense. In 1965, he joined the new Rafi Party led by Ben-Gurion. He was Minister of Immigration and Minister of Economic Development of the Occupied Territories from 1969 to 1970, Minister of Transport and Communications from 1970 to 1974, and Minister of Defense from 1974 to 1977. In 1977, after Yitzhak Rabin resigned as prime minister, he became acting prime minister and also headed the Labor Party, which was formed by the merger of three parties including the Rafi Party. From 1984 to 1986, he served as prime minister in a coalition government with Likud. After the 1988 general election, he continued to form a coalition government with Likud as finance minister, but the coalition was dissolved in 1990. In 1992, he handed over the leadership of the Labor Party to Rabin, won the general election, and became foreign minister in the new government. After the signing of the Palestinian Interim Self-Government Agreement with the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) in 1993, he took the lead in negotiations to implement the agreement. In 1994, he was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize (see above) along with Rabin and PLO Chairman Yasser Arafat, who had both promoted Middle East peace. After Rabin was assassinated in 1995, he became prime minister, but lost the 1996 prime ministerial election by a narrow margin to Likud's Benjamin Netanyahu. From 2001 to 2002, he served as foreign minister in the Sharon administration. In 2005, he lost the Labor Party leadership election and left the party to join the centrist Kadima Party. Since 2007, he has served as president, a ceremonial position. In 2012, he was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom from the United States. (→Palestinian History)

Perez
Pérez, Antonio

Born: 1540. Madrid
Died November 3, 1611. Spanish politician in Paris. He served King Philip II and became Minister of Italy in 1567. He assassinated J. Escobedo, a senior official of Philip II's half-brother Don Juan de Austria (1578). The following year he was arrested in a corruption scandal and spent 11 years in prison. In 1590 he fled Madrid and went to Aragon to seek protection from the people of Zaragoza. He later went into exile in France and England, and died in poverty in Paris in his later years.

Perez
Pérez, José Joaquín

[Raw] 1800
[Died] 1889
Chilean politician. President (in office 1861-71). As a liberal president, he respected the autonomy of the states and established a parliamentary system. He also worked on the economic front, building the railroad between Santiago and Valparaíso and implementing financial reforms. However, he faced strong resistance from conservatives and reduced the powers of the president.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

[生]1923.8.16?. ポーランド，ウィシュニエフ
[没]2016.9.28. イスラエル，ラマトガン
ポーランド生まれのイスラエルの政治家。首相（在任 1984～86，1995～96），大統領（在任 2007～14）。1934年家族とともにパレスチナに移住。1947年，政治上の師となるダビッド・ベングリオンが指揮するシオニスト（→シオニズム）の軍事組織ハガナーに加わる。1948年5月イスラエルの独立に際し，ベングリオン首相のもと 24歳の若さで海軍司令官に就任。1952年国防次官を皮切りに 1965年まで国防省の要職を歴任した。1965年ベングリオン率いる新党ラフィ党に参加。1969～70年移民大臣兼占領地経済開発担当大臣，1970～74年運輸通信大臣，1974～77年国防大臣。1977年イツハク・ラビン首相辞任をうけ首相代行となり，ラフィ党など 3党が合併して発足したイスラエル労働党の党首にも就任。1984～86年リクードとの連立内閣で首相を務めた。1988年総選挙後も財務大臣としてリクードと連立内閣を組んだが，1990年連立を解消。1992年労働党党首の座をラビンに譲って総選挙に勝利し，新政権で外務大臣に就任。1993年のパレスチナ解放機構 PLOとのパレスチナ暫定自治協定調印後は，協定の実行に向けた交渉の先頭に立った。1994年，中東和平をともに推進したラビン，ヤセル・アラファト PLO議長とノーベル平和賞（→ノーベル賞）を共同受賞。1995年にラビンが暗殺されると首相に就任したが，1996年首相公選でリクードのベンヤミン・ネタニヤフに僅差で敗れた。2001～02年，シャロン政権で外相。2005年，労働党党首選に敗れたのち離党し，中道のカディマ党に入党。2007年から儀礼的な地位である大統領を務めた。2012年アメリカ合衆国の大統領自由勲章を受章。（→パレスチナ史）

ペレス
Pérez， Antonio

[生]1540. マドリード
[没]1611.11.3. パリ
スペインの政治家。国王フェリペ2世に仕え，1567年イタリア担当の大臣となった。フェリペ2世の異母弟ドン・フアン・デ・アウストリアの重臣 J.エスコベドを暗殺 (1578) 。翌年疑獄事件で逮捕され 11年間獄中で過した。 90年マドリードから逃亡，アラゴンに行きサラゴサの民衆の保護を求めた。その後フランス，イギリスに亡命，晩年は貧困のうちにパリで死んだ。