Born: April 25, 1890, Moscow Died June 25, 1938. A Russian linguist in Vienna. Born into an aristocratic family, he fled the Russian Revolution and served as a professor at the University of Vienna from 1922 until his death. He conducted comparative linguistic research on many languages, including Slavic, Finno-Ugric, and Caucasian languages, and also contributed to general linguistic theory. However, he is best known for introducing the concepts of phonological opposition and correlation to the study of speech under the influence of Saussure and J. Baudouin de Courtenay, and for founding phonology as a leading member of the Prague School together with R. Jakobson and others. His most important book is the posthumously published Grundzüge der Phonologie (1939), Principles of Phonology. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
[生]1890.4.25. モスクワ [没]1938.6.25. ウィーン ロシアの言語学者。貴族の家に生れて,ロシア革命を逃れ,1922年以降死ぬまでウィーン大学教授の職にあった。スラブ語派,フィン=ウゴル語派,カフカス諸語など多くの言語を対象として比較言語学的研究をし,また一般言語理論にも貢献した。しかし彼が最もよく知られるのは,ソシュールや J.ボードアン・ド・クルトネーの影響を受けて音声の研究に音韻的対立と相関関係の概念を導入し,プラハ学派の有力メンバーとして,R.ヤコブソンらとともに音韻論を創始したことによる。著書で最も重要なのは死後出版された『音韻論の原理』 Grundzüge der Phonologie (1939) 。 出典 ブリタニカ国際大百科事典 小項目事典ブリタニカ国際大百科事典 小項目事典について 情報 |
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