This refers to secretariat staff working for the United Nations, its subordinate organizations, and specialized agencies. It is said that it began with the International Agricultural Association in 1905, but it was not until the founding of the League of Nations (1919) that it was established as a system. The international civil service system in the United Nations inherited and strengthened that of the League of Nations. International civil servants, regardless of their nationality, perform international duties and are guaranteed their neutrality. Secretariat staff of the League of Nations were required to follow only the interests of the League. In the United Nations, staff members are also obliged to be neutral and independent, pledging allegiance only to the United Nations (Article 100 of the Charter of the United Nations). In addition, staff members, including the Secretary-General, are given certain privileges and exemptions by each member state to guarantee their international status. Despite the international nature of staff members, there are also aspects that reflect the reality of an intergovernmental organization, such as geographical distribution, and political considerations are required when hiring staff members. As a legal system to guarantee the status of staff members, the United Nations has an administrative court. [Shigeru Kozai] [Reference] |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
国際連合、その下部機関および専門機関に勤務する事務局の職員をいう。その始まりは1905年の国際農業協会とされるが、制度として確立したのは国際連盟創設(1919)以後のことである。国際連合における国際公務員制度は、国際連盟のそれを継承し、強化したものである。国際公務員は、その国籍にかかわらず、国際的な任務を果たし、その中立性が保障されていることが特徴であるといえる。国際連盟の事務局職員は連盟の利益だけに従うことが求められた。国際連合でも、職員は国連にのみ忠誠を誓う中立と独立の義務を負っている(国連憲章第100条)。また事務総長を含む職員には国際的地位の保障のため一定の特権、免除が各加盟国によって与えられている。職員の国際的性格の反面、政府間機関としての現実を反映した面もあり、たとえば職員の採用にあたり地理的配分等の政治的配慮が求められる。職員の身分保障の法的制度として、国連のなかに行政裁判所が設けられている。 [香西 茂] [参照項目] |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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