Torque converter - Torque converter

Japanese: トルクコンバーター - とるくこんばーたー(英語表記)torque converter
Torque converter - Torque converter

A device that transmits power from one shaft to another using a liquid (usually oil) as the working medium. It is also called a fluid transmission. It can change the speed ratio between two shafts steplessly. It is composed of a turbo pump impeller, a turbine impeller, and a guide vane (stator).

The pump impeller is attached to the input shaft (motor shaft), the turbine impeller to the output shaft (load shaft), and the stator is supported directly on a fixed frame, independent of the input shaft or output shaft. The liquid is given torque (rotational force) by the pump impeller, which rotates the turbine impeller as it flows through it, and then changes direction at the stator before returning to the pump impeller. The stator increases the torque, creating a torque difference between the input and output shafts equal to the magnitude of that torque. In other words, unlike a fluid coupling, a torque converter is a speed change device that involves torque conversion.

Since the rotation speed of the output shaft changes automatically in response to changes in load, and this change has the characteristic of not affecting the prime mover, it is widely used in combination with reduction gears as automatic transmissions in automobiles, etc. When used in automobiles, excessive load is not placed on the prime mover, making driving extremely easy, but the effect of engine braking is limited.

[Shigeru Ikeo]

[Reference item] | Fluid coupling
Torque converter principle
©Takashi Aoki

Torque converter principle


Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

液体(一般に油)を作動媒体として一つの軸から他の軸へ動力を伝達する装置。流体変速装置ともいう。二軸間の速度比を無段階に変えることができる。ターボ型ポンプ羽根車、タービン羽根車および案内羽根(ステーター)から構成されている。

 ポンプ羽根車は入力軸(原動機軸)に、タービン羽根車は出力軸(負荷軸)に取り付けられ、ステーターは入力軸や出力軸とは無関係に、固定された枠に直接支持される。ポンプ羽根車によってトルク(回転力)を与えられた液体は、タービン羽根車の中を流れる間にトルクを与えてこれを回転させ、ステーターで方向を変えてポンプ羽根車に戻る。ステーターがトルクを増すので、そのトルクの大きさだけ入出力軸間にトルクの差を生ずる。すなわち、流体継手(つぎて)とは異なり、トルクコンバーターはトルクの変換を伴う変速装置である。

 負荷の変動に応じて出力軸の回転速度が自動的に変化し、その変化が原動機に影響しないという特徴をもつため、減速歯車などと組み合わせて、自動車などの自動変速機として広く用いられている。自動車用に用いた場合、原動機に過大な負荷がかからず運転はきわめて容易になるが、エンジンブレーキの効果は少ない。

[池尾 茂]

[参照項目] | 流体継手
トルクコンバーターの原理
©青木 隆">

トルクコンバーターの原理


出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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