Co-determination law - Kyodo ketaiho

Japanese: 共同決定法 - きょうどうけっていほう

This is a legal and official institutionalization of the codetermination system in which worker representatives participate in the highest decision-making bodies of a company, such as the board of directors and the board of supervisors, together with management. The most famous codetermination law is the Mitbestimmungsgesetz, enacted in West Germany in 1951. It has a long history that can be traced back to after World War I, and is stipulated in various laws such as the Stock Act, the Labor Agreement Act, the Codetermination Act, the Business Organization Act, and the Employee Representation Act. After the Business Organization Act was revised in 1972, the Extended Codetermination Act came into effect in 1976. This stipulated that management entities with more than 2,000 employees must send equal numbers of labor and management representatives to the board of supervisors, which is said to have significantly expanded the rights of workers. However, in Germany, although worker representatives do indeed participate in the board of supervisors, which is the highest body of corporate management, the actual function of the board of supervisors is only to appoint and dismiss members of the executive committee, and business leadership is held by the executive committee, so it cannot be considered the same as the board of directors in Japan or the United States.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

労働者代表が経営者とともに，取締役会や監査役会などの企業の最高意思決定機関に参加する共同決定制度を法的，公的に制度化したもの。 1951年西ドイツで制定された共同決定法 Mitbestimmungsgesetz が最も有名で，その源流を第1次世界大戦後に求めることができるほど長い歴史をもっており，株式法，労働協約法，共同決定法，経営組織法，職員代表法といった各種の法律にまたがって規定されている。その後 72年の経営組織法の改正を経て，76年には拡大共同決定法が施行された。これにより，2000人以上の労働者を擁する経営体は労使同数の代表を監査役会に送り込むことが規定されたので，労働者の権利は大幅に伸長したといわれる。しかしドイツの場合，確かに労働者代表は企業経営の最高機関にあたる監査役会に参加しているが，監査役会の実質的職能は重役会の任免にすぎず，かつビジネス・リーダーシップは重役会が握っているので，日本やアメリカの取締役会と同様に考えることはできない。

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