...As shown in the Pauli principle, the pair of electrons that make up a covalent bond must always rotate (spin) in opposite directions, but in hydrogen molecules, the protons in the nucleus also have a spin, and the spins of these two nuclei can either be in the same direction or in the opposite direction. The former is called ortho-hydrogen, and the latter is called para-hydrogen. At room temperature, the ratio of ortho-hydrogen to para-hydrogen is 3:1, and there is little change, but at low temperatures, para-hydrogen becomes more easily produced, and by using a magnetic material as a catalyst at extremely low temperatures, it is possible to obtain almost pure para-hydrogen. ... *Some of the terminology explanations that mention "ortho-hydrogen" are listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
…共有結合をつくっている1対の電子は,〈パウリの原理〉に示されるように,つねに反対方向の自転運動(スピン運動)をしていなければならないが,水素分子ではさらに核の陽子もスピンをもっており,この二つの核のスピンがどちらも同方向の場合と,たがいに反対方向のものとが存在し得る。前者をオルト水素ortho‐hydrogen,後者をパラ水素para‐hydrogenという。常温付近ではオルト水素とパラ水素の比は3対1であってほとんど変化しないが,低温になるとパラ水素のほうが生じやすくなり,極低温で磁性体を触媒に使うなどの方法によれば,ほとんど純粋のパラ水素を得ることも可能になる。… ※「ortho-hydrogen」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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