Trakl - Trakl (English spelling) Georg Trakl

An early Austrian Expressionist poet. Born into a merchant family in Salzburg. He studied pharmacology, but from an early age he aspired to be a poet under the influence of French Symbolism and Neo-Impressionism, and initially wrote fin de siècle aesthetic works. He then came into contact with Rimbaud and new literary movements, which led to a complete change in his style of poetry. In 1912 he was recognized by L. V. Ficker, editor of the Innsbruck literary magazine Brenner, and he began publishing a concentrated number of works in the magazine. With clear sounds of words that resemble hard crystals, he established a unique lyricism that carved out isolated people and landscapes from the inside, and compiled the Collected Poems (1913).

His works are based on a strong, fateful feeling of "decline," and have a historical and cultural background, but the pain of that destruction is gradually internalized, and he acquires an unparalleled poetic expression that anticipates the loneliness and suffering of modern people. He lived a life of heavy social alienation, with a dark love affair with his younger sister Margarethe, a chronic drug use, and poor professional adjustment. During World War I, he was deployed to the eastern front as a medical cadet, and in the midst of the fierce fighting, he was arrested on suspicion of mental confusion and died in what appeared to be a suicide due to cocaine overdose. His second collection of poems, "Sebastian in a Dream" (1914), published posthumously, and his posthumous manuscripts attest to the deeper maturity of the poet's soul.

[Takita Natsuki]

"Trakl's Poems in Bilingual Edition" edited and translated by Holmuth, Kurizaki Ryo, and Takita Natsuki (1985, Dogakusha) " "Trakl's Poems translated by Hirai Toshio (1967, Chikuma Shobo)"

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

オーストリアの初期表現主義詩人。ザルツブルクの商家に生まれる。薬学を修めるが、早くから、フランス象徴主義、新印象主義などの影響下に詩人を志し、初め世紀末風の耽美(たんび)的な作品を書いた。ついでランボーや新しい文学の動きに触れて詩風を一変、1912年インスブルックの文芸誌『ブレンナー』の編集者L・v・フィッカーに認められ、同誌に集中的に作品を発表した。硬質な結晶に似たことばによる澄明な響きによって、孤絶した人間や風景を内面から刻み上げる独自の叙情を確立し、『詩集』（1913）をまとめた。

　その作品の基底には、「没落」の感情が宿命的に色濃く流れており、歴史的、風土的背景を感じさせるが、その滅びの苦はしだいに内面化され、近代人の孤独と苦悩を先取りする比類ない詩表現を獲得してゆく。実妹マルガレーテとの暗い愛の関係、麻薬の常用、職業人としての不適応など、社会的には終始、疎外の重い条件を背負った生涯であった。第一次世界大戦には衛生見習士官として東部戦線に出征、激戦のさなか、精神錯乱を疑われて収容され、コカインの中毒による自殺とおぼしい死を遂げた。没後に出た第二詩集『夢の中のセバスチャン』（1914）や遺稿は、さらに深い詩人の魂の成熟を証している。

［瀧田夏樹］

『ホルムート、栗崎了、瀧田夏樹編・訳『対訳トラークル詩集』（1985・同学社）』▽『平井俊夫訳『トラークル詩集』（1967・筑摩書房）』

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