Ionic Radius - Ion Radius

Japanese: イオン半径 - イオンハンケイ
Ionic Radius - Ion Radius

The radius of an ion when it is considered as a sphere. It is also called the effective ionic radius. The inter-ionic distance can be determined from the crystal structure using X-ray diffraction, but this is the distance between anions and cationic ions or between ions of the same type, and the absolute value of the ionic radius cannot be determined precisely. Therefore, the inter-ionic distance determined from the structures of many compounds is regarded as the sum of the ionic radii, and the ionic radius of O2- or F- is determined by comparing it with the molecular refraction of a salt solution or the ionic radius obtained from a compound in which the anions have a close-packed structure, and this is used as a basis to determine the radii of other ions. The ionic radius is,
(1) Coordination number of the ion,
(2) Electron spin state,
(3) Covalent bond
(4) Repulsion between the two ions,
Tables of ionic radii have been submitted by VM Goldschmidt, LC Pauling, Zachariasen, Ahrens, Slater, Fumi and others, and newer tables take the above factors into account and show better agreement with experimental values. The results of RDShannon are shown in the appendix (at the end of the book). Here, the ionic radii of hexacoordinated O2- and F- are set to 0.140 nm and 0.133 nm, respectively, and are calculated taking into account the coordination numbers of both the anion and cation ions and the spin states of the first row transition elements.

Source: Morikita Publishing "Chemical Dictionary (2nd Edition)" Information about the Chemical Dictionary 2nd Edition

Japanese:

イオンを球体とみなした場合のその半径.有効イオン半径(effective ionic radius)ともいう.X線回折による結晶構造からはイオン間距離を求めることはできるが,これは陰陽両イオン間あるいは同種イオン間の距離であって,イオン半径の絶対値は厳密には求められない.そこで多くの化合物の構造から求められるイオン間距離をイオン半径の和とみなし,一方,塩類溶液の分子屈折あるいは陰イオンが最密構造をしている化合物から得られるイオン半径とを比較して,O2- あるいは F のイオン半径を決定し,これを基準としてほかのイオン半径を求める.イオン半径は,
(1)イオンの配位数,
(2)電子スピン状態,
(3)結合の共有性,
(4)両種イオン間の斥力,
により影響される.イオン半径の表はV.M. Goldschmidt(ゴルトシュミット),L.C. Pauling(ポーリング),Zachariasen,Ahrens,Slater,Fumiらにより提出されているが,新しいものほど上述の因子が考慮され,実験値との一致がよくなっている.付表(巻末)にR.D.Shannonの結果を示した.ここでは,六配位の O2- および F のイオン半径を,それぞれ0.140 nm および0.133 nm として,陰陽両イオンの配位数,第一列の遷移元素のスピン状態を考慮して求めている.

出典 森北出版「化学辞典(第2版)」化学辞典 第2版について 情報

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