These soil pillars are formed mainly by rain erosion of a layer of sand and gravel that has not yet fully consolidated. A stone sits on top of the pillar, protecting the soft soil underneath and making it stand out from the surrounding area that has been eroded by rain. Smaller ones are often seen in road cutting. A famous example of a large soil pillar is the "Awa Earth Pillars" (a nationally designated natural monument) in Awa, Awa City, Tokushima Prefecture, where countless soil pillars stand as a result of selective erosion of the Pleistocene gravel layer. A world-famous example is in the Tyrol region of Austria, where a Pleistocene gravel layer carried by a glacier was eroded, and some reach a height of 100 meters. They can also form when a hard layer of rock sits on top of a soft layer instead of large rocks. [Shigemi Takayama] [Reference] |Nationally designated natural monument Awa City, Tokushima Prefecture ©Tokushima Prefecture "> Awa Earth Pillars Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
まだ十分に固結していない砂礫(されき)層がおもに雨食を受けて生ずる土の柱。柱の頂には石がのっていて、これが下の柔らかい土の部分を保護し、周囲の雨食によって削り取られた部分に比べて突出した形になる。小規模なものは、道路の切り割りなどでもたびたびみかける。大規模な土柱の例としては徳島県阿波(あわ)市阿波の「阿波の土柱」(国指定天然記念物)が有名で、更新統の砂礫層が選択侵食を受けて、無数の土柱が林立している。世界的に有名な例はオーストリアのチロル地方にあり、氷河によって運ばれた更新統の砂礫層が侵食を受けてできたもので、高さが100メートルに達するものがある。大きな石のかわりに硬い地層が柔らかい地層の上にのっているときにも生ずる。 [髙山茂美] [参照項目] |国指定天然記念物 徳島県阿波市©徳島県"> 阿波の土柱 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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