Ups and downs - Kifuku

Japanese: 起伏 - きふく

〘noun〙① To become higher or lower. To rise or fall. Occurrences. Height and height. ※Haiku, Ten Ban Sogo (1781), No. 1: “Even the nameless grass rises and falls in the west wind, I have spoken in secret.” ② To increase or decrease in momentum. To change without stability, such as when emotions or situations rise and fall. ※Eika (1916), <Tamura Toshiko>, No. 1: “In Nonose's mind, the ups and downs of past incidents and relationships between himself and the Toda family came to mind nervously.” [Book of the Later Han - Guo Hou Ji Lun] ③ Manners and behavior. ※Prince Shotoku's Calendar (around 917), Vol. 1: “The ups and downs of life _{are like} _{those of} _an adult.” ④ A rhetorical device. To introduce variation into a similar repetition. ※Poetry Studies in the Early Harmony (1763) Vol. 1: "They are all based on the chapter system of Tang poetry. <Omitted> The text of the system is the same as the following. There is a sense of suddenness, intonation, ups and downs."

Source: The Selected Edition of the Japanese Language Dictionary About the Selected Edition of the Japanese Language Dictionary Information

Japanese:

〘名〙① 高くなったり低くなったりすること。起きたり伏したりすること。おきふし。高低。※俳諧・十番左右合（1781）一番「名もなき草の西ふく風に起伏まで、暗にいひかなへたれど」② 勢いなどが盛んになったり衰えたりすること。感情や状況などが盛り上がったり沈んだりするなど、安定せずに変化すること。※栄華（1916）〈田村俊子〉一「野々瀬の頭に、然う云ふ戸田家と自分との間の昔の事件や情宜の起伏が神経的に浮んでゐた」〔後漢書‐郭后紀論〕③ 立居振舞。※聖徳太子伝暦（917頃か）上「起伏之儀、有_レ如_二成人_一」④ 修辞法の一つ。似た繰り返しの内に変化をもたせること。※詩学逢原（1763）上「皆唐詩の章法なり。〈略〉其法文をかくと同じ。頓座・抑揚・波瀾・起伏の勢あり」

出典　精選版日本国語大辞典精選版日本国語大辞典について　情報

<<: Undulating - undulating

>>: Keep Kamayo - Keep Kamayo