A national university corporation. Its predecessor was Tohoku Imperial University, which was founded by imperial decree in 1907 (Meiji 40) as the third imperial university in Japan after Tokyo Imperial University and Kyoto Imperial University. Initially, it consisted of the University of Agriculture, which was renamed Sapporo Agricultural School, and the University of Science, which was established in 1911, but in 1918 (Taisho 7), the University of Agriculture was separated from the university and became Hokkaido Imperial University College of Agriculture. In 1915, the University of Medicine was added. In 1919, the university ordinance issued the previous year abolished the divisional university system and adopted a faculty system, establishing three faculties of science, medicine, and engineering. Later, two more faculties of law and literature and agriculture were added, and ten research institutes, including the Institute for Materials Science (1919), were established before World War II, developing into a comprehensive university with a focus on research. In 1949, the Second High School, Sendai Higher Technical School, Miyagi Prefectural Women's College, Tohoku University Medical School, Miyagi Normal School, and Miyagi Youth Normal School were merged to form the new Tohoku University. The university started with eight faculties (Arts, Education, Law, Economics, Science, Medicine, Engineering, and Agriculture), but added the Faculty of Dentistry (1965) and Faculty of Pharmacy (1972), and as of 2010 it consists of ten faculties. In 1965, the teacher training course in the Faculty of Education was separated and became an independent institution to become Miyagi University of Education. In addition to these ten faculties, graduate schools include the Graduate School of International Cultural Studies and the Graduate School of Information Science in 1993, the Graduate School of Life Science in 2001, the Department of Educational Informatics Education and the Department of Educational Informatics Research in 2002, the Graduate School of Environmental Studies in 2003, and the Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering in 2008. All of these 15 graduate schools and two departments have doctoral programs. The university has more than 30 affiliated research institutes, including the Institute for Materials Research, which has a tradition dating back to before the Second World War, the Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, the Institute of Fluid Science, the Research Institute of Electrical Communication, and the Institute for Materials Research. There are also an affiliated hospital. The university's campuses are spread across five districts in Aoba Ward, Sendai City (Katahira, Kawauchi, Aramaki Aoba, Seiryo-cho, and Tsutsumi-dori Amamiya-machi). In April 2004, the university became a national university corporation following the enforcement of the National University Corporation Law. The headquarters is located at 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba Ward, Sendai City. [Toru Magose] "Tohoku University, ed., 'The 50-Year History of Tohoku University', Vol. 1 (1960)" "Tohoku University, ed., 'The 100-Year History of Tohoku University', Vol. 2 (2003-2010)" [Reference items] | | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
国立大学法人。1907年(明治40)、東京、京都帝国大学に次いで、日本で3番目の帝国大学として勅令により創設された東北帝国大学が前身。当初、札幌(さっぽろ)農学校を改称した農科大学と1911年に設置された理科大学からなっていたが、1918年(大正7)農科大学は、本学から分離して北海道帝国大学農科大学となる。1915年医科大学を増設。1919年、その前年に公布された大学令により分科大学制を廃して学部制をとり、理学、医学、工学の3学部を設置、その後、法文学、農学の2学部を増設、さらに金属材料研究所(1919)をはじめとする10研究所を第二次世界大戦前に設置し、研究中心の総合大学として発展した。1949年(昭和24)第二高等学校、仙台高等工業学校、宮城県女子専門学校、東北大学附属医学専門部、宮城師範学校、宮城青年師範学校を統合して、新制の東北大学となった。 当初8学部(文学、教育学、法学、経済学、理学、医学、工学、農学)で出発したが、歯学部(1965)、薬学部(1972)が増設され、2010年(平成22)時点で10学部で構成されている。なお、1965年教育学部教員養成課程が分離独立して宮城教育大学となった。大学院はこれら10学部のほか、1993年(平成5)には国際文化研究科、情報科学研究科、2001年には生命科学研究科、2002年には教育情報学教育部、教育情報学研究部、2003年には環境科学研究科、2008年には医工学研究科が設置された。これら15研究科と2つの部すべてに博士課程がある。附置研究所としては、すでに第二次世界大戦前からの伝統をもつ金属材料研究所、加齢医学研究所、流体科学研究所、電気通信研究所、多元物質科学研究所があるほか、惑星プラズマ・大気研究センター、電子光理学研究センター、地震・噴火予知研究観測センターなど30以上の附属教育研究施設が附設されている。このほか附属病院がある。キャンパスは仙台市青葉区内5地区(片平、川内、荒巻字青葉、星陵町(せいりょうちょう)、堤通雨宮町(つつみどおりあまみやまち))に分散。2004年4月、国立大学法人法の施行に伴い、国立大学法人となる。本部は仙台市青葉区片平2-1-1。 [馬越 徹] 『東北大学編・刊『東北大学五十年史』上下(1960)』▽『東北大学編・刊『東北大学百年史』(2003~2010)』 [参照項目] | | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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