Manaus (English spelling)

Japanese: マナウス（英語表記）Manaus

Manáos (until 1939). Capital of Amazonas State, northwest Brazil. The main settlement is a river port city located on the left bank of the Rio Negro, a tributary of the Amazon River, at an elevation of about 20m. The Rio Negro joins the Amazon River about 10km downstream from the city. Located almost in the center of the Amazon rainforest, the city experiences high temperatures and heavy rainfall, with monthly average temperatures of 25-29°C and annual precipitation of over 2000mm. The first European settlement was formed around a fortress built in 1669, and later a mission station was built, and the city gradually developed. The city prospered from the late 19th century to the early 20th century due to the rubber boom in the Amazon region, and magnificent buildings such as a cathedral and an opera house (Teatro Amazonas) were built in the city, and full-scale river trade began. Later, the main production area of natural rubber moved to Southeast Asia, and the city rapidly declined with the end of the rubber boom. However, in the second half of the 20th century, the Brazilian government promoted forestry, mining, and agricultural development, and the city began to develop again. Currently, it is the commercial and industrial center of the Amazon lowlands, distributing rubber, Brazil nuts, rosewood oil, jute, and other forest products, and is involved in jute processing (rope, coffee bags), beer, soap, and other industries. It also has an oil refinery that refines oil transported down the Amazon waterway from the oil fields of Peru. Recently, many domestic and foreign companies have moved into the city, and factories, including a Japanese motorcycle factory, are being built one after another, cutting through the dense forest in the suburbs. It is an important river port for Amazonian shipping, and large ocean-going ships travel directly from the Atlantic Ocean to the city, traveling about 1,500 km up the Amazon River. In the 1970s, roads were built connecting the city to Boa Vista in the north and Porto Velho in the south, making it a key location for land transportation. It is also the center of Amazon tourism. Area: 14,337 ^km2 . Population: 1,010,558 (1991 estimate).

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

1939年までマナオス Manáos。ブラジル北西部，アマゾナス州の州都。中心集落はアマゾン川左岸支流ネグロ川の最下流部左岸に位置する河港都市で，標高約 20m。ネグロ川は市の約 10km下流で，アマゾン川に合流する。アマゾン熱帯雨林地帯のほぼ中央部にあるため高温多雨で，月平均気温は 25～29℃，年降水量は 2000mmをこえる。 1669年建設された要塞を中心に最初のヨーロッパ人集落が形成され，のち伝道所なども建てられ，次第に発展。 19世紀末から 20世紀初めにかけてアマゾン地方のゴム・ブームにより繁栄し，市内には大聖堂やオペラハウス (テアトロアマゾナス) などの壮大な建物が建設され，本格的な河川貿易が始められた。その後天然ゴムの主産地が東南アジアに移り，ゴム・ブームが終るとともに市も急速に衰退したが，20世紀後半に入ってブラジル政府による森林，鉱業，農業開発が進められ，再び発展しはじめた。現在アマゾン低地の商工業中心地で，ゴム，ブラジルナッツ，ローズウッド油，ジュートその他の林産物を集散し，ジュート加工 (ロープ，コーヒー袋) ，ビール，石鹸などの工業があるほか，製油所が立地し，ペルーの油田地帯からアマゾン水系の水路を下って運ばれる石油を精製する。また最近は内外の企業が多数進出し，郊外の密林を切り開いて日本のオートバイ工場を含む工場が次々と建設されている。アマゾン水運の重要な河港で，大型外洋船が大西洋からアマゾン川を約 1500kmさかのぼって市まで直航する。 1970年代には北のボアビスタ，南のポルトベリョなどと結ぶ道路が建設され，陸上交通の要地ともなっている。アマゾン観光の中心地でもある。面積1万 4337km²。人口 101万 558 (1991推計) 。

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