Tosa Bushi

Japanese: 土佐節 - とさぶし
Tosa Bushi

Dried bonito flakes from Tosa Province (Kochi Prefecture). The Engishiki records the presentation of dried bonito fish from Tosa, and Tosa has been famous for its dried bonito flakes since ancient times. According to legend, during the Tensho era (1573-92), Kamezo of Usaura, Takaoka County (Tosa City) learned how to make dried bonito flakes from a fisherman from Kishu, and the fifth generation Sanosuke improved the manufacturing method during the Enpo era (1673-81). This is why it is called Kamezo-bushi. Another theory is that in 1674 (Enpo 2), Sanosuke and a fisherman from Kishu, Jintaro, worked together to improve the method. Previously, bonito meat was sun-dried with the bones still attached, or boiled and dried, but this method was improved by removing the bones, drying it over heat to improve storage, and using mold to change the protein and improve the aroma and flavor. However, while the graves of Kamezo and Sanosuke still exist in Usa, Kamezo lived until the end of the Edo period and Sanosuke until the Meiji period, so doubts remain about the legend. Another example is Kasuga-bushi, produced by Yamazaki Giemon of Nakahamaura, Hata County (Tosashimizu City) during the Kyoho period (1716-1736), which was highly acclaimed along with Kamezo-bushi. Bonito flakes were presented to the shogunate and strictly controlled by the feudal domain. After the Meiji period, Yonezawa Torataro of Ukitsu, Aki County (now Muroto City) started producing Yonezawa-bushi, and together they helped to raise the name of Tosa-bushi. After the Pacific War, vacuum-packed new bushi was produced, and it expanded its market share, replacing the traditional honko-bushi.

[Yamamoto Dai]

"Research on Improved Tosa Bushi" by Ueda Ho (1976, Tosa City Library)

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

土佐国(高知県)産のかつお節。『延喜式(えんぎしき)』に土佐から堅魚(かつお)献上のことがみえるが、土佐は古来かつお節の名産地であった。伝承では、天正(てんしょう)年代(1573~92)に高岡郡宇佐(うさ)浦(土佐市)の亀蔵(かめぞう)が紀州の漁夫からかつお節の製造を習い、5代目佐之助(さのすけ)が延宝(えんぽう)年間(1673~81)に製法を改良したという。亀蔵節の名のあるゆえんである。また一説では、1674年(延宝2)佐之助と紀州の漁夫甚太郎とが共同して改良したという。鰹(かつお)肉を骨付きのまま日干しか、煮て乾かしていたのを、骨を抜き、火力乾燥で貯蔵をよくし、カビによってタンパク質を変化させ、香気と風味をよくするように改良した。ただ亀蔵・佐之助の墓が宇佐に現存しているが、亀蔵は幕末、佐之助は明治まで生きているので、伝承に疑問が残る。ほかに享保(きょうほう)年間(1716~36)幡多(はた)郡中浜(なかのはま)浦(土佐清水市)の山崎儀右衛門(ぎえもん)によって製造された春日(かすが)節があり、亀蔵節とともに高い評価を受けた。かつお節は幕府への献上品、藩の統制品として厳重に管理された。明治以後安芸(あき)郡浮津(うきつ)(室戸(むろと)市)の米沢寅太郎(よねざわとらたろう)により米沢節が生産され、ともに土佐節の名を高めた。太平洋戦争後、真空包装の新節が製造され、従来の本涸(ほんこ)節にかわって販路を拡張している。

[山本 大]

『植田穂著『改良土佐節の研究』(1976・土佐市立市民図書館)』

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