This is one of the major works by American female anthropologist Ruth Benedict. The original was published in 1946, and the Japanese translation was published in 1948 (Showa 23). It is a classic work on Japan studies that was born from a series of wartime research in the United States during World War II. Despite the constraints of not being able to conduct direct on-site research, she has keenly pursued the complex nature of Japanese society through interviews with Japanese Americans and analysis of literature and films. She focuses on the hierarchical order that characterizes Japanese society, and analyzes the behavior and thoughts of people who "try to occupy their appropriate place in that order" using uniquely Japanese expressions such as "on" (gratitude) and "giri" (obligation). In particular, her bold categorization of Japanese culture as a "culture of shame" that lacks firm internal standards and where behavior is governed by the evaluation of others, in contrast to the Western "culture of guilt" that has absolute internal standards of good and evil, shocked Japanese people after the war. [Mitsuru Hamamoto] "The Chrysanthemum and the Sword" translated by Hasegawa Shoji (Shakai Shisosha, Gendai Kyoyo Bunko)" ▽ "Tsuda Sokichi, "The Land of the Chrysanthemum and the Sword" (published in the May 1957 issue of Tenbo, Chikuma Shobo)" ▽ "Rethinking the Culture of Shame" by Sakuda Keiichi (1967, Chikuma Shobo)" ▽ "The Structure of Dependence" by Doi Takeo (1971, Kobundo) [References] |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
アメリカの女性人類学者ルース・ベネディクトの主著の一つ。原著は1946年に刊行され、48年(昭和23)に日本語訳が出版された。第二次世界大戦下のアメリカの一連の戦時研究のなかから生まれた、日本研究の名著である。直接現地調査ができないという制約にもかかわらず、在米日系人との面接、文学や映画の分析などを通じて、複雑な日本社会の体質に鋭く迫っている。日本社会を特徴づける上下関係の秩序に注目し、その秩序のなかで「各人にふさわしい位置を占めようとする」人々の行動や考え方について、「恩」「義理」といった日本人独特の表現を手掛りに分析を進めている。とりわけ日本の文化を、内面に善悪の絶対の基準をもつ西洋の「罪の文化」とは対照的な、内面に確固たる基準を欠き、他者からの評価を基準として行動が律されている「恥の文化」として大胆に類型化した点は、戦後の日本人に大きな衝撃を与えた。 [濱本 満] 『長谷川松治訳『菊と刀』(社会思想社・現代教養文庫)』▽『津田左右吉「菊と刀のくに」(『展望』1957年5月号所収・筑摩書房)』▽『作田啓一著『恥の文化再考』(1967・筑摩書房)』▽『土居健郎著『甘えの構造』(1971・弘文堂)』 [参照項目] |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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