Special Agency - Special Agency

Japanese: 特務機関 - とくむきかん

An intelligence agency of the former Japanese Army. The Japanese Army had special agencies such as the Marshal's Office, the Military Councillors' Office, the Imperial Guard's Office, and the Standing Committee for the Examination of Officer Cadet Cadet Officers, but the ones more widely known were the army intelligence agencies in Manchuria and China, commonly known as special agencies. The first such agency was the dispatch preparation investigation agency established in Harbin in 1918 for the Siberian Intervention, and in April 1919 it was decided to call itself a special agency. At the time, these agencies were established in various places in Manchuria and Siberia, including Harbin and Vladivostok, and their main duties were to handle military foreign relations associated with operations and stationing troops, and to conduct various investigations. Even after the withdrawal of troops from Siberia, the special agencies in Manchuria remained, and their numbers increased with the outbreak of the Manchurian Incident in 1931, with headquarters in Harbin and branches and offices in Dalian, Mukden, Mudanjiang, Suifenhe, Jiamusi (Chams), Heihe, Qiqihar, Manzhouli, and other places. Their main duties were diverse, including gathering information on the organization, equipment, and tactics of the Soviet army, research and investigation, general intelligence work, propaganda, plots, and guidance of other ethnic groups. These special agencies were placed outside the military, and their staff were given positions such as those attached to military headquarters. In April 1940, the special agencies were incorporated into the military as intelligence departments, but they still used the nickname special agencies. The Kwantung Army Intelligence Department was under the direct command of the Commander-in-Chief and was a large-scale intelligence agency with many staff officers and members. Those established in various parts of China were given roughly similar duties.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

旧日本陸軍の情報機関。日本陸軍は，元帥府，軍事参議院，侍従武官府，将校生徒試験常置委員を特務機関としていたが，一般に知られているのは，特務機関という通称名をもった当時の満州，中国の陸軍情報機関であった。 1918年のシベリア出兵に際し，哈爾浜 (ハルビン) に設けられた出兵準備調査機関がこの種の情報機関の最初のもので，19年4月に特務機関と称することに定められた。当時はハルビン，ウラジオストクなど満州，シベリアの各地にこの機関が設けられ，主として作戦および駐兵に伴う軍事的対外関係処理と各種の調査を任務としていた。シベリア撤兵後も満州の特務機関は残存し，31年の満州事変勃発とともに増加され，ハルビンに本部をおき，大連，奉天，牡丹江，綏芬河，佳木斯 (チャムス) ，黒河，斉斉哈爾 (チチハル) ，満州里などに支部，出張所を配置した。その主要な任務はソ連軍の編制，装備，戦法に関する情報の収集，調査研究，一般情報勤務，宣伝，謀略，異民族指導など多岐多様であった。これら特務機関は軍の編制外におかれ，機関員は軍司令部付きなどの地位を与えられていた。 40年4月，特務機関は情報部として軍の編制内に入ったが，依然として特務機関という通称名を用いていた。関東軍情報部は総司令官の直接指揮下にあり，多くの参謀，部員を有する大規模情報機関であった。中国の各地に設けられたものも，だいたい同様の任務を与えられていた。

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