A frequency component or collection of components that acoustically characterize the timbre of a sound and distinguish it from other sounds with different timbres. It is expressed as the distribution of strength in each frequency band of voice. Generally, voiced sounds are analyzed into a fundamental frequency (fundamental tone, fundamental wave) of 75 to 300 cycles and countless harmonics (overtones), but only certain components are strengthened due to resonance in the vocal tract, and they are heard as distinctive speech sounds. When a voice is put on a speech spectrograph, the resonant parts appear as dark stripes. These are called the first formant, second formant, etc., from lowest to highest. The first and second formants in particular play an important role in distinguishing vowels. Note that formants are constant for each sound (especially vowels) independent of the pitch (height) of the voice. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
音響的にある音の音色を特徴づけ,音色の異なる他の音から区別させる周波数成分,またはその集り。音声などの各周波数帯における強さの分布として表わす。一般に有声音は,75~300サイクルの基本周波数 (基本音,基本波) と無数の高調波 (倍音) に分析されるが,声道の共鳴のために特定の成分だけが強められ,特有の言語音として聞える。音声スペクトログラフにかけるとその共鳴部分が濃い縞紋様として現れる。それを低いものから順に第1フォルマント,第2フォルマント…と呼ぶ。母音の聞き分けには特に第1,第2フォルマントが重要な役割を果している。なお,フォルマントは声のピッチ (高さ) とは独立に,それぞれの音 (特に母音) に一定しているものである。
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