Iden (English spelling) wei-tian; wei-t`ien

Japanese: 囲田 - いでん（英語表記）wei-tian; wei-t`ien

Reclaimed land. In the Jiangnan region of China, reclaimed farmland is created by enclosing lakes, marshes, and riverbanks with levees. Encircled fields began to be seen in the lower reaches of the Chang River and around Lake Tai around the Southern Tang Dynasty of the Five Dynasties in the mid-10th century, and became very popular during the Song Dynasty, especially from the end of the Northern Song Dynasty to the Southern Song Dynasty, and contributed greatly to the development of Jiangnan and the improvement of agricultural productivity. During the Song Dynasty, enclosed fields were also called uden (rounded fields) or hu-tian (lake-filled fields), but the term uden referred to large-scale fields with levees that extended for several tens of miles. These fields required a lot of money and labor for the construction of levees and drainage and irrigation facilities, so they were managed by influential people such as official households, keisei households, and temple guardians, and formed manors. However, they often interfered with the water supply and irrigation of other farmland, causing social problems.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

干拓地のこと。中国の江南地域で，湖沼，水沢，河岸などを堤防で囲んで干拓した耕作地。囲田は 10世紀半ばの五代の南唐の頃からチャン（長）江下流域，タイ（太）湖周辺に見られるようになり，宋代，特に北宋末から南宋にかけて非常に普及し，江南の開発と農業生産力の向上に寄与するところが大きかった。宋代には囲田は圩田（うでん），湖田などとも呼ばれたが，圩田は堤防（圩）が数十里にもわたる大規模なものをさして名づけられた。これらは堤防の構築，排水灌漑の施設など多くの経費と労働力を必要としたので，官戸や形勢戸，寺観などの有力者によって経営され，荘園を形成していた。しかし一方，ほかの農地の水利灌漑を妨げることも多く，社会問題を引き起こすことにもなった。

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