Iden

Under the ancient Ritsuryo system, fields were provided to princes of the first to fourth ranks and those of ranks of fifth rank or higher. Among these, the princes' rank fields were also called honden. They were imported tax fields. According to the provisions of the Yoro Code (probably the same for the Taiho Code), fields were provided according to rank, from 80 cho (about 90 hectares) for Shoichii to 8 cho for Jugoi, and women were given two-thirds of the amount of men. After 728 (Jinki 5), the amount of outer rank fields was set at half the amount of inner rank fields. In principle, rank fields were provided when a person attained a rank, and were immediately confiscated after death. When the person who provided the fields was absent, they were called mushu no iden (unowned rank fields) and were imported land tax fields, and the land tax was stored in the central granary. It is believed that most of the cultivation of land was done by renting it to farmers who were allotted land, in which case the net income of the land owner was the remainder after deducting the rent (3% of the rice harvest) from the land tax (20% of the rice harvest), or 17% of the rice harvest.

[Koichi Murayama]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

古代律令制(りつりょうせい)下において、一品(いっぽん)～四品(しほん)の親王と五位以上の有位者に支給された田。このうち親王の位田は品田(ほんでん)ともよばれた。輸租田(ゆそでん)である。養老令の規定（大宝令も同じであろう）では、正一位(しょういちい)の80町（約90ヘクタール）から従五位(じゅごい)の8町まで位階に応じて支給され、女子は男子の3分の2であった。728年（神亀5）以降、外位(げい)は内位の半分とされた。位田は位を得たときに支給され、死後はただちに収公される原則であった。そして、給主が欠けたときは無主位田(むしゅのいでん)とよばれ輸地子田(ゆじしでん)とされて、その地子(ちし)は中央の穀倉院に収納された。位田の耕営方法は、多くは班田農民の賃租（土地の借耕）によったと思われるが、その場合、田主の純収益は、賃租の地子（穫稲(かくとう)の20％）から租（穫稲の3％）を差し引いた残り、すなわち穫稲の17％であった。

［村山光一］

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