Sickle-handled Pseudogobio esocinus

Japanese: カマツカ(鎌柄) - カマツカ（英語表記）Pseudogobio esocinus

A freshwater fish of the Cyprinidae family (illustration). Local names include Sunamoguri (Iwate Prefecture and others), Kawagisu (Saitama Prefecture), Sougen, Sougenbou (Tone River system, Gunma Prefecture and others), and Dangiribo (Lake Biwa). Distributed throughout most of Japan except Hokkaido and Aomori Prefecture, and in parts of the northeastern part of the Asian continent, such as the Korean Peninsula. It lives on the sandy or gravel bottoms of midstream rivers and clear lakes. Total length is 11-17 cm for males and 14-22 cm for females. The body is long and slender, almost cylindrical, with a flattened ventral surface, eyes on the back of the head, and a small mouth that faces downward, a form adapted to living on the bottom of the water.

Kamatuka [Kamatuka (sickle pattern) Pourthiaea villosa Decne.var.laevis Stapf]

A deciduous shrub of the Rosaceae family that grows to a height of about 5m and grows on hills and mountains (illustration). The bark is blackish. The leaves are thin, alternate, oblong, and have sawtooth edges. They are distinguished as varieties: those that are almost hairless on both sides are called Kamatsuka, those that are larger, thicker, and more downy are called Watagekamatsuka, and those in between are called Kekamatsuka. The flowers bloom in April and May in compound corymbs with five white, round petals and 20 stamens. The fruits are oval and usually ripen red in the fall. They can be found from Hokkaido to Kyushu, and are also distributed in Korea and mainland China.

Source: Heibonsha World Encyclopedia, 2nd Edition Information

Japanese:

コイ目コイ科の淡水魚（イラスト）。スナモグリ(岩手県ほか)，カワギス(埼玉県)，ソウゲン，ソウゲンボウ(群馬県など利根川水系)，ダンギリボ(琵琶湖)などの地方名がある。北海道，青森県を除く日本のほぼ全土と朝鮮半島などアジア大陸北東部の一部に分布。川の中流域や水の澄んだ湖の砂底または砂れき底にすむ。全長は雄11～17cm，雌14～22cm。体は細長くほぼ円筒形で腹面は扁平，眼は頭の背側に，口は小さくて下方を向き，水底にすむのに適応した形態となっている。

カマツカ【カマツカ(鎌柄) Pourthiaea villosa Decne.var.laevis Stapf】

バラ科の落葉低木で，高さ5mほどになり，丘や山地に生える（イラスト）。樹皮は黒みをおびる。葉は質うすく，互生して，長楕円形，ふちに鋸歯がある。両面ほとんど無毛のものをカマツカ，葉がより大きくて厚く綿毛の多いものをワタゲカマツカ，それらの中間のものをケカマツカといい，変種として区別する。花は4,5月ごろ咲き，複散房花序，花弁は白く，5枚で円く，おしべは20本。果実は楕円形で，秋に普通は赤く熟する。北海道から九州まで見られ，朝鮮や中国大陸にも分布する。

出典　株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典第２版について　情報

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