Standard star - hyojunsei (English spelling) standard star

Japanese: 標準星 - ひょうじゅんせい（英語表記）standard star

A standard star for determining the brightness and color of stars. The earliest and most commonly used stars are about 100 stars near the north celestial pole that are visible all year round in the Northern Hemisphere. Their brightness and color have been precisely determined through photographic observations and are called the North Polar Standard Stars. However, since it is not possible to include all the different types of stars in just one part of the sky, standard stars based on the North Polar Standard Star are also determined in other parts of the sky. With the development of photoelectric photometry, brightness and color have been determined even more precisely, and stars that can be used as standard stars have been determined throughout the entire sky.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

星の明るさや色を決めるための標準となる星。最も早くから利用され，現在もよく使われているのは，北半球では一年中見える天の北極付近の約百個の星で，これらの明るさや色は写真観測により精密に決められており，北極標準星と呼ばれる。しかし，空の一部の星だけではいろいろな種類の星をすべて含めるわけにはいかないので，空の他の区域でも，北極標準星に準じて標準星が決められている。光電測光の発達とともに，明るさや色がさらに精密に決められ，その標準星として利用できる星が全天に定められている。

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