Also called gofu. Also called gofu, shinpu, omamori, ofuda, etc. These are often written on pieces of paper with the name or image of a god or Buddha, a spell, a sutra, the seed of esoteric Buddhism, a mantra, or an animal that is said to be a divine messenger. It is said that if you carry one of these, you will receive the protection of the gods and Buddha and be able to avoid disasters. They are displayed on the household altar or pasted at the entrance to the house. They can also be swallowed, like Goo Hoin. Amulets were originally brought to gods and Buddhas on pilgrimages, but gradually shrine priests, priests, and monks began to distribute them to private homes, in a way known as ofuda handing out. In the days when knowledge of letters was not widespread among the general public, people believed in the power of spells and talismans, especially spells and talismans. Nowadays, the talismans issued by shrines and temples all over the country are of great variety. It is believed that the talismans of famous shrines and temples can ward off all kinds of disasters, but there are also cases where a single shrine or temple issues talismans with various effects. It is said that Asakusa Kannon in Tokyo has 12 different talismans. Some of the special talismans that ward off disasters are the talismans of Akihabara Shrine in Enshu that ward off fires, the talismans of Konpira Shrine in Sanuki that ward off voyages, the talismans of Suitengu Shrine that ward off drownings, and the talismans of Mount Haruna in Kanto that ward off hail, which is believed to be a precaution against hail damage to mulberry trees for silkworm farmers. The talismans of Mitsumine Shrine in Chichibu are well known for their pictures of errand wolves, and are widely believed to be used as talismans to ward off theft by hanging them on the entrances of houses. In the three northern prefectures of the Tohoku region, a picture card of a thin, pitch-black seated statue with horns called Tsunodaishi is displayed at the Odaishi-ko festival in December. He is believed to be worshiped as the god of agriculture. Originally, talismans were probably based on faith in gods and Buddhas, but as times changed, new disasters in this world began to occur. A typical example is a talisman for traffic safety. Charms for traffic safety can now be seen on trains and cars. Also, moving away from faith in the protection of gods and Buddhas, something called a talisman (jufu) began to be practiced, where a talisman from Chinzei Hachiro Tametomo's Inn was used to drive away the god of cold. [Oto Tokihiko] [Reference] | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
ごふうともいう。御符(ごふ)、神符(しんぷ)、御守(おまも)り、御札(おふだ)などという。多く紙片に神仏の名号や形像、呪文(じゅもん)、経文、密教の種子(しゅじ)、真言、神使(しんし)とされている動物などを書いた御札をいう。これを所持しておれば神仏の加護が得られ、災禍を避けることができるという。家の中の神棚に掲げたり、家の入口に貼(は)ったりする。牛王(ごおう)宝印などのごとくこれを飲んだりもする。護符は本来神仏に参詣(さんけい)していただいてくるものであるが、だんだんと社人(しゃにん)、御師(おし)、僧侶(そうりょ)などが御札配りといって民家に配布することが行われるようになった。文字の知識が一般庶民の間に普及しなかった時代には呪文や呪符が、とくにその威力が信じられた。今日では、全国の社寺などで出されている護符は千差万別である。有名な社寺の護符はあらゆる災難を防止することができると信じられているが、一社寺でいろいろな効能をもった護符を出している例もある。東京の浅草観音(かんのん)には12通りの守り札があるという。特別の災難除(よ)けの守り札を若干あげると、遠州秋葉神社の火難除け、讃岐(さぬき)の金毘羅(こんぴら)さんの航海守護、水天宮の水難除け、安産守護等があり、また関東榛名山(はるなさん)の雹(ひょう)除けは、養蚕家の桑の雹害に対する警戒から信じられている。秩父(ちちぶ)の三峯(みつみね)神社の守り札は、お使いの狼(おおかみ)の絵がよく知られていて、家の戸口に貼る盗難除けの守り札として広く信じられている。東北地方の北部3県などでは、12月の御大師講(おだいしこう)に、角大師(つのだいし)という角のあるやせた真っ黒な坐像(ざぞう)の絵札を掲げる。農業の神として祀(まつ)られているようである。 護符は本来神仏に対する信仰に基づくものであったろうが、時代が変わるにつれてこの世における災害も新たに発生するようになった。その代表的なものは交通安全に対する護符である。電車や自動車などに交通安全の護符をみかけるようになった。また神仏の守護を求める信仰から離れて、鎮西八郎為朝(ちんぜいはちろうためとも)御宿の札を出して風邪(かぜ)の神を退散させようとする呪符(じゅふ)と称すべきものが行われるようになった。 [大藤時彦] [参照項目] | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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