Annual salary - nenkyuu

Abbreviation for Nenryokyubun. It refers to the annual salary and nenshaku paid to the Emperor, the Retired Emperor (In), the Three Princes (also called the Three Empresses; Empress Dowager, Grand Empress Dowager), the Crown Prince (Togu), the Associate Empress (Jugou), and all the way to Princes, Princesses, Empresses (Nyogo), and Court Nobles (Kugyo). Nenkan refers to the right to apply for local officials (gekan) at the spring prefecture summons ceremony and for Kyoto officials (naikan) at the autumn tsukasameshi summons ceremony. Nenshaku refers to the right to apply for a rank (Ju Goi no Ge) at the time of investiture, and is limited to Innomiya. The paymaster who is granted nenkan or nenshaku recruits those who wish to hold the official position and appoints them upon application, and collects the fees and awards in return for his or her personal share. In this way, annual salaries were paid to individuals as a kind of shareholding for their official positions and titles, which was nothing other than a system of selling ranks and officials. This system was devised in the mid-9th century when the Jikifu system collapsed and the imperial family's economic life became impoverished. It was established during the Kanpyo era (889-898) of Emperor Uda and flourished until the mid-10th century, but after that it gradually declined with the collapse of the kokushi system. The types and numbers of annual salaries were as follows: Naikyu (2 Jo, 3 Sakan, 20 Shisho), Innokyu and Junko's Salaries (1 Jo, 1 Me, 3 Shisho, 1 Naikan, 1 Juku, with one additional Baron for the Sannomiya and Junko), Prince and Princess' Salaries (1 Me, 1 Shisho), Nyogo's Salaries (1 Me, 1 Shisho), Naishi no Kami's Salaries (1 Me, 1 Shisho), Naishi no Suke's Salaries (1 Shisho), Shoshi no Jyo's Salaries (1 Shisho), and Kuno's Salaries were as follows: Kanpaku and Daijo Daijin (1 Me, 3 Shisho), Left and Right Naidaijin (1 Me, 2 Shisho), Dainagon (1 Me, 1 Shisho), and Sangi (1 Me, 1 Shisho).

[Naohiko Watanabe]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

年料給分の略称。天皇、太上(だじょう)天皇（院）、三宮(さんぐう)（三后(さんこう)とも。皇后、皇太后、太皇太后）、東宮(とうぐう)、准后(じゅごう)より、親王、内親王、女御(にょうご)、公卿(くぎょう)に至るまで、毎年給付する年官、年爵をいう。年官とは、春の県召除目(あがためしのじもく)で地方官（外官(げかん)）、秋の司召(つかさめし)除目で京官（内官）を申請する権利を与えること。年爵とは、叙位(じょい)の際、叙爵（従(じゅ)五位下）を申請する権利を与えることで、これは院宮に限られる。年官、年爵を与えられた給主は、官や爵（位）を望む者を募り、申請して叙任し、そのかわりに任料、叙料を徴収して個人の得分とする。このように年給は、官や爵を一種の持ち株として個人に給(たま)わったもので、売位・売官の制度にほかならない。この制は9世紀中ごろから食封(じきふ)制度が崩れて、皇族の経済生活が窮乏してきたために考案され、宇多(うだ)天皇の寛平(かんぴょう)年間（889～898）には確立し、10世紀中ごろまで盛行したが、以後は国司制度の崩壊とともにしだいに衰退していった。その年給の種類と給数は、内給（掾(じょう)2人、目(さかん)3人、史生(ししょう)20人）、院宮・准后給（掾1人、目1人、史生3人、内官1人、爵1人、三宮・准后には女爵一人を追加）、親王・内親王給（目1人、史生1人）、女御給（目1人、史生1人）、尚侍(ないしのかみ)給（目1人、史生1人）、典侍(ないしのすけ)給（史生1人）、掌侍(ないしのじょう)給（史生1人）、公卿給は関白(かんぱく)・太政(だいじょう)大臣（目1人、史生3人）、左右内大臣（目1人、史生2人）、大中納言（目1人、史生1人）、参議（目1人、史生1人）である。

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