Formally, an equation is an equation in which two mathematical objects (symbols) are placed on the left and right with an equal sign between them. The left and right sides of the equation are called the left and right sides, respectively. The mathematical meaning of an equation is that both the left and right sides refer to the same mathematical object. For example, 2+3=5, a+b=b+a, x 2 -3x-4=x+1, An equality sign is a type of equivalence relation. It follows three laws: A=A (reflexive), if A=B then B=A (symmetric), and if A=B and B=C then A=C (transitive). An equation that is mathematically derived from a given equation is called a transformation (change) of the first equation, and the principles of this transformation are the three laws mentioned above, and if A=B then A±C=B±C, and if A=B and C≠0 then, The principle of equation transformation (properties of equations) is particularly important for solving equations. [Yoshio Takeuchi] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
形式的には、二つの数学的対象(記号)を左右に置き、その間に等号を挟んだ式を等式という。左右の式をそれぞれ左辺および右辺という。等式の数学的意味は、左辺と右辺がともに同一の数学的対象を指示していることである。たとえば 等号は同値関係の一種である。すなわち、A=A(反射的)、A=BならばB=A(対称的)、A=BかつB=CならばA=C(推移的)という三つの法則に従う。与えられた等式から数学的に導き出される等式を最初の等式の変形(変更)といい、この等式変形の原理は、前述の三法則と、A=BならばA±C=B±Cが成り立ち、またA=BかつC≠0ならば、 等式変形の原理(等式の性質)はとくに方程式の解法にとって重要である。 [竹内芳男] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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