Unified Trial - Toitsu Kouhan

Japanese: 統一公判 - とういつこうはん

A unified trial is a trial in which many defendants who have been indicted for the same case or for several cases that are closely related to one another are tried together. The term is used in contrast to separate trials, but neither is an official legal term. A unified trial has the advantage of streamlining the proof of the background of the case and preventing imbalances between defendants, but it is practically difficult to proceed with the procedures for many defendants at the same time, and the trial is inevitably prolonged. For this reason, especially in so-called public security cases, conflicts can arise between the defendants who want a unified trial and the courts that refuse it. In order to hold a unified trial for defendants who have been indicted separately, it is necessary to consolidate the arguments (Criminal Procedure Law, Article 313, Paragraph 1).

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

同一事件または社会的に密接な関係をもついくつかの事件について，起訴された多くの被告人に対し，その公判審理を1つにまとめて進めること。分離公判に対するが，いずれも正式な法律用語ではない。統一公判は，事件の背景などの立証を能率化したり，被告人間での不均衡を防いだりする利点がある反面，多数の被告人について，同時に手続を進行させるには実際上の困難もあり審理も長期化せざるをえない。そのためいわゆる公安事件を中心に，統一公判を求める被告人側と，これを拒む裁判所との間に対立が生じることがある。別々に起訴された被告人らについて統一公判を行うには，弁論の併合 (刑事訴訟法 313条1項) が必要となる。

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