A type of chemical analysis method that uses isotopes. In principle, it can be performed using non-radioactive isotopes, but radioactive isotopes are often used because of their extremely high detection sensitivity. The principle is that a certain amount of a substance with a known specific radioactivity (radioactivity per unit weight) is mixed with the same non-radioactive substance, and then a portion of the substance is separated into pure form to measure the specific radioactivity and determine the degree of dilution. It is extremely difficult to quantitatively separate the target substance from the sample to be analyzed in pure form, but this method requires only the separation to be performed in pure form regardless of the yield, and reliable results can be obtained with relatively simple operations. Source: Heibonsha World Encyclopedia, 2nd Edition Information |
同位体を利用した化学分析手法の一種。原理的には非放射性同位体を用いて行うこともできるが,検出感度がきわめて高いので放射性同位体を使用する場合が多い。その原理は,比放射能(単位重量当りの放射能)がわかっている物質の一定量を非放射性の同じ物質と混合した後,その物質の一部を純粋に分離して比放射能を測定し,希釈度を知るものである。分析対象となる試料から目的とする物質を定量的に純粋に分離することはきわめて困難であるが,この方法によれば,収率に関係なく,純粋に分離を行いさえすればよく,比較的簡単な操作で信頼性の高い結果が得られる。
出典 株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について 情報 |
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