A type of mechanical bow consisting of a bow, string, arm, and trigger mechanism. The arm is attached at a right angle to the center of the bow, and an arrow is inserted into a groove carved into the upper surface of the arm to fire. A bronze trigger mechanism is built into one end of the arm on the side of the string. The trigger mechanism consists of a fang for hooking the string, a trigger knife, and a case that encases the fang and knife. Crossbows are said to have been used by people of Chu during the Spring and Autumn period, but only relics from the mid-Warring States period and later are known. A nearly complete crossbow was excavated from Tomb No. 138 in Sangbotang, Changsha City, Hunan Province, from this period, along with a bow and arrows. The arm of this crossbow is made of two pieces of hard wood joined together and painted black lacquer, and is 51.8 centimeters long. It became an important weapon from the late Warring States period to the Qin and Han periods, and actual crossbows and Ming artifacts (burial objects) have often been discovered. A crossbow mechanism was excavated from the Terracotta Army Pit No. 1 of the Mausoleum of the First Qin Emperor, and the arm of a crossbow discovered in the Wang Guang Tomb in Lelang, Korea, was painted black lacquer and the overall shape was well preserved. [Takeji Iijima] ©Shogakukan Library "> Crossbow Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
弓、弦、臂(ひ)(腕木)、機(引き金の仕掛け部分)からなる機械仕掛けの弓の一種。臂は弓の中央部に直角に取り付けられ、臂の上面に刻まれた凹槽(おうそう)に矢を挿入して発射する。臂の弦側(つるがわ)の一端には引き金としての青銅製の機が組み込まれている。機は弦をひっかける牙(が)、引き金の縣刀(けんとう)、牙と縣刀を包む郭(かく)などからなっている。弩は、春秋時代に楚(そ)の人が用いたといわれているが、遺物は戦国中期以後のものしか知られていない。この時期の湖南省長沙(ちょうさ)市掃把塘(そうはとう)138号墓からは、ほぼ完全な弩が出土し、これに付属する弓と矢も発見されている。この弩の臂は硬い木を2本結合して黒漆を塗り、長さ51.8センチメートルである。戦国後期から秦(しん)漢時代に重要な武器となり、弩の実物や明器(めいき)(副葬用の器物)がしばしば発見されている。秦の始皇帝陵一号兵馬俑坑(ようこう)からは、弩の機が出土し、朝鮮、楽浪の王光墓で発見された弩の臂は黒漆塗りで全体の形がよく残っていた。 [飯島武次] ©小学館ライブラリー"> 弩 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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