Attachment - Temp

In the Civil Code, this is a general term for attachment, mixing, and processing. When Party B plants a tree on Party A's land and it takes root, the ownership of the tree is absorbed into Party A's ownership of the land. In this way, when two or more objects with different owners are combined to become one object (such as the example above, this is called "attachment," and when Party A's sake and Party B's sake are mixed together to make a new sake, this is called "mixing"), or when something is processed with someone else's materials to create a different kind of object (this is called "processing"), this is called attachment in the Civil Code. The Civil Code stipulates who becomes the owner of the new object and whether the person who loses ownership can claim compensation. In principle, the person who provided the greatest value acquires ownership of the new object, and the party who suffered the loss can claim the return of unjust enrichment (Civil Code Articles 242 to 248).

Under international law, the acquisition of territory through natural expansion (such as the uplift of an island within territorial waters or the deposition of coastal land) is called annexation.

[Yasuyuki Takahashi and Masamitsu Nozawa]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

民法上、付合、混和、加工の総称。甲の土地に乙が樹木を植え、それが根を張ったときは、樹木の所有権は甲の土地所有権に吸収される。このように、所有者の異なる2個以上の物が結合して1個の物になる場合（前述の例のような場合を「付合」といい、甲の酒と乙の酒とが混ざり合って新しい酒になるような場合を「混和」という）や、他人の材料に加工して別種の物を作成した場合（「加工」という）を、民法上、添付という。民法では、だれが新しい物の所有者になるかということと、所有権を失う者が償金を請求できることが規定されている。原則として、大きな価値を提供した者が新しい物の所有権を取得し、損失を受けたほうは不当利得の返還を請求できる（民法242条～248条）。

　なお、国際法上は、土地の自然拡張（領海内の島の隆起、沿岸地の堆積(たいせき)など）による領土の取得を添付という。

［高橋康之・野澤正充］

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