Tennoji

Japanese: 天王寺 - てんのうじ

A medieval and early modern city formed around Settsu Shitennoji Temple. It is located on the Uemachi Plateau, with the ruins of Naniwa Palace to the north. From the Asuka to Nara periods, the area was the site of Shitennoji Temple, the Dogashiba ruins, which are thought to be the Kudara Temple in Naniwa, and the Kokubunji Temple, said to be Settsu Kokubunji. In the Heian period, pilgrimages to Shitennoji Temple became popular, and the area around the temple began to take on an urban landscape. Pilgrimages to Sumiyoshi Shrine (Sumiyoshi Taisha Shrine), Kumano, Koya, and other places also became popular, and the area prospered as it was located along the Kumano Kaido road. Furthermore, as Pure Land Buddhism flourished from the end of the Heian period, the west gate of Shitennoji Temple and the Yuhigaoka hill that leads to the west gate became known as sacred places for reminiscing about the Pure Land in the west, and people of all ranks gathered there. During the Nanboku-cho period, this area, which was a key transportation location, was frequently embroiled in wars. In particular, many laypeople's homes were burned down in the battle between Kusunoki Masashige and Rokuhara in 1333, and there were many more battles thereafter. At the end of the Sengoku period, Oda Nobunaga built Tennoji Castle, which became one of the main battlefields of the Ishiyama War, and Tokugawa Ieyasu's headquarters was located on Chausuyama during the Siege of Osaka. Thus, despite repeated wars in the area after the Nanboku-cho period, commerce and industry developed steadily and urbanization progressed. In 1187, eleven Tennoji cypress bark carpenters were in charge of the construction of Katsuo-ji Temple (present-day Minoh City, Osaka Prefecture), and in 1245, Tennoji carpenters were also engaged in re-roofing the temple's pagoda. Stonemasons were also known, and artisans involved in the production of various handicraft products (rush and straw crafts, reed blinds, etc.) were also active. In the mid-Muromachi period, the activities of the Tennoji Aoso-za, whose head office was the Sanjonishi family, became famous. They traveled to Echigo to purchase Aoso, extracted the fibers from the Aoso, and woven them into fabrics for sale. In the second half of the 15th century, Tennoji Hamaichi flourished, and food, daily necessities, clothing, production tools, weapons, Chinese goods, etc. were brought from various places and sold. At that time, the area was so densely populated that it was said that "Tennoji was an area of 7,000 acres" (Daijo-in Temple and Shrine Miscellaneous Records). In the early modern period, it was combined with the surrounding rural areas and was named "Tennoji Village." Around the Shoho era (1644-1648), the village had a land area of 5,561 koku, and the Enpo land area survey showed that it had a land area of 7,615 koku. During the construction period under Osaka Castle, the area's urban functions temporarily declined, but as Osaka City expanded, the area regained its urban landscape as a place bordering the three Osaka towns to the south and as a transportation hub along the Abeno Kaido (Kumano Kaido) and Kishu Kaido roads. Although it was treated as a "village," nearly 30 towns were established, and it came to be said to have "several thousand houses, with agricultural, industrial, and commercial residents" (Map of Tennoji District, 1666). Saws, cotton processing machines called churns, and sandals were produced here, and the trade of seed cotton and ginned cotton was thriving. Cattle markets and plant markets also flourished. The cattle market is said to have been established at the end of the 16th century, and its organizers, the Ishibashi family, had the right to buy and sell cattle in the four provinces of Settsu, Kawa, Izumi, and Ban. Except for a period of interruption, it was the largest cattle market in the Kinai region until near the end of the 18th century. In 1889, Tennoji Village merged with Abeno Village (present-day Abeno Ward, Osaka City) to become the new Tennoji Village, and in 1897 the northern half was incorporated into Minami Ward, Osaka City, and in 1925, the southern half was incorporated into Tennoji Ward along with the northern half due to the creation of Masu Ward.
→ Related article Hirano Township

Source : Heibonsha Encyclopedia About MyPedia Information

Japanese:

摂津四天王(してんのう)寺周辺に形成された中・近世都市。上町(うえまち)台地にあり，北方には難波(なにわ)宮跡がある。飛鳥(あすか)時代〜奈良時代の当地では，四天王寺の創建や，難波の百済(くだら)寺に比定される堂ヶ芝(どうがしば)廃寺，摂津国分寺と伝えられる国分寺の創建があった。平安時代になると四天王寺参詣が盛んとなり，同寺周辺は都市的景観を呈するようになる。また住吉社（住吉大社）や熊野・高野(こうや)などへの参詣も盛んになり，熊野街道筋にあたる当地は賑いをみせた。さらに平安末からの浄土信仰の盛行により，四天王寺西門や西門に続く夕陽丘(ゆうひがおか)が西方浄土を憶念する霊地として知られるようになり，貴賤が参集した。南北朝期になると交通の要地であった当地はたびたび戦乱に巻込まれた。なかでも1333年の楠木正成(まさしげ)と六波羅方の合戦では多くの在家が焼亡，以降もたびたび合戦があった。また戦国末には織田信長により天王寺城が築かれ石山合戦の主戦場の一つとなり，大坂の陣では茶臼(ちゃうす)山に徳川家康の本営が置かれた。このように南北朝期以降，当地一帯は度重なる戦火を受けたにもかかわらず商工業は着実に発展し，都市化が進んだ。1187年〈天王寺檜皮大工〉11人が勝尾寺（現大阪府箕面市）造営工事を担当しており，1245年にも天王寺の大工が同寺の塔婆葺替えに従事している。石工の活動も知られており，また各種の手工業製品（藺・藁細工，蘆簾など）の生産に携わる職人の活動も盛んであった。室町時代中ごろには三条西家を本所とする〈天王寺青苧(あおそ)座〉の活躍が著名になる。彼らは越後まで青苧の買付けに出かけ，青苧から繊維を取り，織物を作って販売した。15世紀後半には〈天王寺浜市〉が繁栄し，各地から食料品・日常生活品・衣料品・生産用具・武具・唐物などが持ち込まれて売買された。このころには〈天王寺ハ七千間在所〉（《大乗院寺社雑事記》）といわれるほど人家が密集していた。近世には周辺の農村地帯と合わせて〈天王寺村〉として高付けされ，正保（1644年−1648年）ころには村高5561石余，延宝検地高は7615石余。大坂城下の建設期には一時的に都市機能は衰退したとみられるが，その後の大坂市中の拡大に伴って大坂三郷に南接する地として，また阿部野街道（熊野街道）や紀州街道が通る交通の要地として都市的景観を回復，〈村〉扱いながら30近い町が成立して〈家戸数千軒有，農工商交居〉（宝暦２年《天王寺管内地図》）といわれるようになった。鋸(のこぎり)や綿の加工器械である攪車(わたくり)，草履などが生産され，商業では実綿・繰綿の取引が盛んであった。さらに牛市や植木市も賑わった。牛市は16世紀末に開設されたと伝え，主宰者の石橋家は摂河泉播４ヵ国の牛売買権をもち，18世紀末近くまで中断期を除いて畿内最大の牛市であった。天王寺村は1889年阿部野村（現大阪市阿倍野区）と合併して新〈天王寺村〉となり，1897年北半が大坂市南区に編入，1925年増区により北半とともに南半も天王寺区に編入。
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