Elat (English spelling)

Japanese: エーラト（英語表記）Elat

A port city in Israel. It is located at the southernmost point of Israel, facing the head of the Gulf of Aqaba at the northern end of the Red Sea. At this point, Israel has only 12 km of coastline, and is sandwiched between the borders of Egypt to the west and Jordan to the east, facing the Jordanian port of Aqaba across the border. It is in an arid region with an annual rainfall of less than 100 mm, surrounded by desert, and there is no rain for most of the year and it is extremely hot. It is located at the bottom of the Jordanian Rift Valley, and is bordered to the west by the mountainous region of the Sinai Peninsula in Egypt, and to the east by the Jordanian mountain range of Moab, which rises over 1000 m above sea level. Around the 10th century BC, the territory of the ancient Hebrew Kingdom reached this point, and King Amaziah of the Kingdom of Judah, which succeeded it, built the city of Etzion-geber nearby (now in Jordan) in the early 8th century BC. The town was conquered at the end of the 8th century BC, but was revived as a Jewish town in the 7th century and was destroyed by the Crusaders in 1116. The current town was newly built near the site of Etzion Geber after Israel occupied the area in the Palestine War of 1948-49, and since Israeli ships were able to navigate the Gulf of Aqaba after the Suez Crisis of 1956, it has rapidly expanded as Israel's only sea outlet to Asia. Today, it is an important oil import port connected to various parts of Israel by highway and air, and an oil pipeline runs to Ashkelon and Haifa on the Mediterranean side. Its beautiful scenery has made it a popular tourist destination. Population: 25,600 (1990 estimate).

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

イスラエルの港湾都市。紅海北端のアカバ湾奥に面し，イスラエル最南端に位置している。この地点でイスラエルはわずか 12kmの海岸線しか領有せず，西はエジプト，東はヨルダンの国境にはさまれており，ヨルダンのアカバ港と国境ごしに対峙している。年降水量 100mm以下の乾燥地域に属し，周辺は砂漠で，1年の大半は雨がなく暑さがきびしい。ヨルダン地溝の底に位置し，西はエジプト領のシナイ半島の山地が迫り，東はヨルダン領の標高 1000mをこえるモアブ山地がそびえ立つ。前 10世紀頃，古代ヘブライ王国の版図がこの地点にまで達し，その後身であるユダ王国のアマジヤ王が前8世紀の初頭にこの近辺 (現在ヨルダン領内) にエツィオン・ゲベルの町を建てた。この町は前8世紀末に征服されるが，7世紀以後再びユダヤ人の町として復活，1116年に十字軍に滅ぼされた。現在の町は 1948～49年のパレスチナ戦争でイスラエル側がこの地を占領して以後，エツィオン・ゲベルの跡近くに新設したもので，56年のスエズ動乱以後アカバ湾にイスラエル船舶が航行できるようになって以来，イスラエルで唯一のアジアへの海の出口として急速に拡大した。現在では，高速道路と空路でイスラエル各地と連絡する重要な石油輸入港で，石油パイプラインが地中海側のアシュケロン，ハイファに延びている。風景が美しいので，観光地としても発達している。人口2万 5600 (1990推計) 。

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